H. P. Blavatsky's, “The Key to Theosophy”
GA 41b
H. P. Blavatsky
[adapted from the online text provided by the Theosophical Society, Pasadena
VI. Theosophical Teachings as to Nature and Man
The Unity of All in All
Enq. Having told me what God, the Soul and Man are not, in your views, can you inform me what they are, according to your teachings?
Theo. In their origin and in eternity the three, like the universe and all therein, are one with the absolute Unity, the unknowable deific essence I spoke about some time back. We believe in no creation, but in the periodical and consecutive appearances of the universe from the subjective on to the objective plane of being, at regular intervals of time, covering periods of immense duration.
Enq. Can you elaborate the subject?
Theo. Take as a first comparison and a help towards a more correct conception, the solar year, and as a second, the two halves of that year, producing each a day and a night of six months' duration at the North Pole. Now imagine, if you can, instead of a Solar year of 365 days, ETERNITY. Let the sun represent the universe, and the polar days and nights of 6 months each — days and nights lasting each 182 trillions and quadrillions of years, instead of 182 days each. As the sun arises every morning on our objective horizon out of its (to us) subjective and antipodal space, so does the Universe emerge periodically on the plane of objectivity, issuing from that of subjectivity — the antipodes of the former. This is the "Cycle of Life." And as the sun disappears from our horizon, so does the Universe disappear at regular periods, when the "Universal night" sets in. The Hindoos call such alternations the "Days and Nights of Brahma," or the time of Manvantara and that of Pralaya (dissolution). The Westerns may call them Universal Days and Nights if they prefer. During the latter (the nights) All is in All; every atom is resolved into one Homogeneity.
Evolution and Illusion
Enq. But who is it that creates each time the Universe?
Theo. No one creates it. Science would call the process evolution; the pre-Christian philosophers and the Orientalists called it emanation: we, Occultists and Theosophists, see in it the only universal and eternal reality casting a periodical reflection of itself on the infinite Spatial depths. This reflection, which you regard as the objective material universe, we consider as a temporary illusion and nothing else. That alone which is eternal is real.
Enq. At that rate, you and I are also illusions.
Theo. As flitting personalities, to-day one person, to-morrow another — we are. Would you call the sudden flashes of the Aurora borealis, the Northern lights, a "reality," though it is as real as can be while you look at it? Certainly not; it is the cause that produces it, if permanent and eternal, which is the only reality, while the other is but a passing, illusion.
Enq. All this does not explain to me how this illusion called the universe originates; how the conscious to be, proceeds to manifest itself from the unconsciousness that is.
Theo. It is unconsciousness only to our finite consciousness. Verily may we paraphrase verse v, in the 1st chapter of St. John, and say "and (Absolute) light (which is darkness) shineth in darkness (which is illusionary material light); and the darkness comprehendeth it not." This absolute light is also absolute and immutable law. Whether by radiation or emanation — we need not quarrel over terms — the universe passes out of its homogeneous subjectivity on to the first plane of manifestation, of which planes there are seven, we are taught. With each plane it becomes more dense and material until it reaches this, our plane, on which the only world approximately known and understood in its physical composition by Science, is the planetary or Solar system — one sui generis, we are told.
Enq. What do you mean by sui generis?
Theo. I mean that, though the fundamental law and the universal working of laws of Nature are uniform, still our Solar system (like every other such system in the millions of others in Cosmos) and even our Earth, has its own programme of manifestations differing from the respective programmes of all others. We speak of the inhabitants of other planets and imagine that if they are men, i. e., thinking entities, they must be as we are. The fancy of poets and painters and sculptors never fails to represent even the angels as a beautiful copy of man — plus wings. We say that all this is an error and a delusion; because, if on this little earth alone one finds such a diversity in its flora, fauna and mankind — from the sea-weed to the cedar of Lebanon, from the jelly-fish to the elephant, from the Bushman and negro to the Apollo Belvedere — alter the conditions cosmic and planetary, and there must be as a result quite a different flora, fauna and mankind. The same laws will fashion quite a different set of things and beings even on this our plane, including in it all our planets. How much more different then must be external nature in other Solar systems, and how foolish is it to judge of other stars and worlds and human beings by our own, as physical science does!
Enq. But what are your data for this assertion?
Theo. What science in general will never accept as proof — the cumulative testimony of an endless series of Seers who have testified to this fact. Their spiritual visions, real explorations by, and through, physical and spiritual senses untrammelled by blind flesh, were systematically checked and compared one with the other, and their nature sifted. All that was not corroborated by unanimous and collective experience was rejected, while that only was recorded as established truth which, in various ages, under different climes, and throughout an untold series of incessant observations, was found to agree and receive constantly further corroboration. The methods used by our scholars and students of the psycho-spiritual sciences do not differ from those of students of the natural and physical sciences, as you may see. Only our fields of research are on two different planes, and our instruments are made by no human hands, for which reason perchance they are only the more reliable. The retorts, accumulators, and microscopes of the chemist and naturalist may get out of order; the telescope and the astronomer's horological instruments may get spoiled; our recording instruments are beyond the influence of weather or the elements.
Enq. And therefore you have implicit faith in them?
Theo. Faith is a word not to be found in theosophical dictionaries: we say knowledge based, on observation and experience. There is this difference, however, that while the observation and experience of physical science lead the Scientists to about as many "working" hypotheses as there are minds to evolve them, our knowledge consents to add to its lore only those facts which have become undeniable, and which are fully and absolutely demonstrated. We have no two beliefs or hypotheses on the same subject.
Enq. Is it on such data that you came to accept the strange theories we find in Esoteric Buddhism?
Theo. Just so. These theories may be slightly incorrect in their minor details, and even faulty in their exposition by lay students; they are facts in nature, nevertheless, and come nearer the truth than any scientific hypothesis.
On the Septenary Constitution of Our Planet
Enq. I understand that you describe our earth as forming part of a chain of earths?
Theo. We do. But the other six "earths" or globes, are not on the same plane of objectivity as our earth is; therefore we cannot see them.
Enq. Is that on account of the great distance?
Theo. Not at all, for we see with our naked eye planets and even stars at immeasurably greater distances; but it is owing to those six globes being outside our physical means of perception, or plane of being. It is not only that their material density, weight, or fabric are entirely different from those of our earth and the other known planets; but they are (to us) on an entirely different layer of space, so to speak; a layer not to be perceived or felt by our physical senses. And when I say "layer," please do not allow your fancy to suggest to you layers like strata or beds laid one over the other, for this would only lead to another absurd misconception. What I mean by "layer" is that plane of infinite space which by its nature cannot fall under our ordinary waking perceptions, whether mental or physical; but which exists in nature outside of our normal mentality or consciousness, outside of our three dimensional space, and outside of our division of time. Each of the seven fundamental planes (or layers) in space — of course as a whole, as the pure space of Locke's definition, not as our finite space — has its own objectivity and subjectivity, its own space and time, its own consciousness and set of senses. But all this will be hardly comprehensible to one trained in the modern ways of thought.
Enq. What do you mean by a different set of senses? Is there anything on our human plane that you could bring as an illustration of what you say, just to give a clearer idea of what you may mean by this variety of senses, spaces, and respective perceptions?
Theo. None; except, perhaps, that which for Science would be rather a handy peg on which to hang a counter-argument. We have a different set of senses in dream-life, have we not? We feel, talk, hear, see, taste and function in general on a different plane; the change of state of our consciousness being evidenced by the fact that a series of acts and events embracing years, as we think, pass ideally through our mind in one instant. Well, that extreme rapidity of our mental operations in dreams, and the perfect naturalness, for the time being, of all the other functions, show us that we are on quite another plane. Our philosophy teaches us that, as there are seven fundamental forces in nature, and seven planes of being, so there are seven states of consciousness in which man can live, think, remember and have his being. To enumerate these here is impossible, and for this one has to turn to the study of Eastern metaphysics. But in these two states — the waking and the dreaming — every ordinary mortal, from a learned philosopher down to a poor untutored savage, has a good proof that such states differ.
Enq. You do not accept, then, the well-known explanations of biology and physiology to account for the dream state?
Theo. We do not. We reject even the hypotheses of your psychologists, preferring the teachings of Eastern Wisdom. Believing in seven planes of Kosmic being and states of Consciousness, with regard to the Universe or the Macrocosm, we stop at the fourth plane, finding it impossible to go with any degree of certainty beyond. But with respect to the Microcosm, or man, we speculate freely on his seven states and principles.
Enq. How do you explain these?
Theo. We find, first of all, two distinct beings in man; the spiritual and the physical, the man who thinks, and the man who records as much of these thoughts as he is able to assimilate. Therefore we divide him into two distinct natures; the upper or the spiritual being, composed of three "principles" or aspects; and the lower or the physical quaternary, composed of four — in all seven.
The Septenary Nature of Man
Enq. Is it what we call Spirit and Soul, and the man of flesh?
Theo. It is not. That is the old Platonic division. Plato was an Initiate, and therefore could not go into forbidden details; but he who is acquainted with the archaic doctrine finds the seven in Plato's various combinations of Soul and Spirit. He regarded man as constituted of two parts — one eternal, formed of the same essence as the Absoluteness, the other mortal and corruptible, deriving its constituent parts from the minor "created" Gods. Man is composed, he shows, of (1) A mortal body, (2) An immortal principle, and (3) A "separate mortal kind of Soul." It is that which we respectively call the physical man, the Spiritual Soul or Spirit, and the animal Soul (the Nous and psuche). This is the division adopted by Paul, another Initiate, who maintains that there is a psychical body which is sown in the corruptible (astral soul or body), and a spiritual body that is raised in incorruptible substance. Even James (iii. 15) corroborates the same by saying that the "wisdom" (of our lower soul) descendeth not from the above, but is terrestrial ("psychical," "demoniacal," vide Greek text); while the other is heavenly wisdom. Now so plain is it that Plato and even Pythagoras, while speaking but of three "principles," give them seven separate functions, in their various combinations, that if we contrast our teachings this will become quite plain. Let us take a cursory view of these seven aspects by drawing two tables.
THEOSOPHICAL DIVISION [SANSCRIT TERMS // EXOTERIC MEANING // EXPLANATORY]
LOWER QUATERNARY
(a) Rupa, or Sthula-Sarira // Physical body // Is the vehicle of all the other "principles" during life.
(b) Prana // Life, or Vital principle // Necessary only to a, c, d, and the functions of the lower Manas, which embrace all those limited to the (physical) brain.
(c) Linga Sharira // Astral body // The Double, the phantom body.
(d) Kama rupa // The seat of animal desires and passions // This is the centre of the animal man, where lies the line of demarcation which separates the mortal man from the immortal entity.
THE UPPER IMPERISHABLE TRIAD.
(e) Manas — a dual principle in its functions // Mind, Intelligence: which is the higher human mind, whose light, or radiation links the MONAD, for the lifetime, to the mortal man // The future state and the Karmic destiny of man depend on whether Manas gravitates more downward to Kama rupa, the seat of the animal passions, or upwards to Buddhi, the Spiritual Ego. In the latter case, the higher consciousness of the individual Spiritual aspirations of mind (Manas), assimilating Buddhi, are absorbed by it and form the Ego, which goes into Devachanic bliss.1In Mr. Sinnett's "Esoteric Buddhism" d, e, and f, are respectively called the Animal, the Human, and the Spiritual Souls, which answers as well. Though the principles in Esoteric Buddhism are numbered, this is, strictly speaking, useless. The dual Monad alone (Atma-Buddhi) is susceptible of being thought of as the two highest numbers (the 6th and 7th). As to all others, since that "principle" only which is predominant in man has to be considered as the first and foremost, no numeration is possible as a general rule. In some men it is the higher Intelligence (Manas or the 5th) which dominates the rest; in others the Animal Soul (Kama-rupa) that reigns supreme, exhibiting the most bestial instincts, etc.
(f) Buddhi // The Spiritual Soul // The vehicle of pure universal spirit.
(g) Atma // Spirit // One with the Absolute, as its radiation.
Now what does Plato teach? He speaks of the interior man as constituted of two parts — one immutable and always the same, formed of the same substance as Deity, and the other mortal and corruptible. These "two parts" are found in our upper Triad, and the lower Quaternary (vide Table). He explains that when the Soul, psuche, "allies herself to the Nous (divine spirit or substance), 2Paul calls Plato's Nous "Spirit"; but as this spirit is "substance," then, of course, Buddhi and not Atma is meant, as the latter cannot philosophically be called "substance" under any circumstance. We include Atma among the human "principles" in order not to create additional confusion. In reality it is no "human" but the universal absolute principle of which Buddhi, the Soul-Spirit, is the carrier. she does everything aright and felicitously"; but the case is otherwise when she attaches herself to Anoia, (folly, or the irrational animal Soul). Here, then, we have Manas (or the Soul in general) in its two aspects: when attaching itself to Anoia (our Kama rupa, or the "Animal Soul" in "Esoteric Buddhism,") it runs towards entire annihilation, as far as the personal Ego is concerned; when allying itself to the Nous (Atma-Buddhi) it merges into the immortal, imperishable Ego, and then its spiritual consciousness of the personal that was, becomes immortal.
The Distinction Between Soul and Spirit
Enq. Do you really teach, as you are accused of doing by some Spiritualists and French Spiritists, the annihilation of every personality?
Theo. We do not. But as this question of the duality — the individuality of the Divine Ego, and the personality of the human animal — involves that of the possibility of the real immortal Ego appearing in Seance rooms as a "materialised spirit," which we deny as already explained, our opponents have started the nonsensical charge.
Enq. You have just spoken of psuche running towards its entire annihilation if it attaches itself to Anoia. What did Plato, and do you mean by this?
Theo. The entire annihilation of the personal consciousness, as an exceptional and rare case, I think. The general and almost invariable rule is the merging of the personal into the individual or immortal consciousness of the Ego, a transformation or a divine transfiguration, and the entire annihilation only of the lower quaternary . Would you expect the man of flesh, or the temporary personality, his shadow, the "astral," his animal instincts and even physical life, to survive with the "spiritual EGO" and become sempiternal? Naturally all this ceases to exist, either at, or soon after corporeal death. It becomes in time entirely disintegrated and disappears from view, being annihilated as a whole.
Enq. Then you also reject resurrection in the flesh?
Theo. Most decidedly we do! Why should we, who believe in the archaic esoteric philosophy of the Ancients, accept the unphilosophical speculations of the later Christian theology, borrowed from the Egyptian and Greek exoteric Systems of the Gnostics?
Enq. The Egyptians revered Nature-Spirits, and deified even onions: your Hindus are idolaters, to this day; the Zoroastrians worshipped, and do still worship, the Sun; and the best Greek philosophers were either dreamers or materialists — witness Plato and Democritus. How can you compare!
Theo. It may be so in your modern Christian and even Scientific catechism; it is not so for unbiassed minds. The Egyptians revered the "One-Only-One," as Nout; and it is from this word that Anaxagoras got his denomination Nous, or as he calls it, Nous autokrates, "the Mind or Spirit Self-potent," the archetes kinedeos, the leading motor, or primum-mobile of all. With him the Nous was God, and the logos was man, his emanation. The Nous is the spirit (whether in Kosmos or in man), and the logos, whether Universe or astral body, the emanation of the former, the physical body being merely the animal. Our external powers perceive phenomena; our Nous alone is able to recognise their noumena. It is the logos alone, or the noumenon, that survives, because it is immortal in its very nature and essence, and the logos in man is the Eternal Ego, that which reincarnates and lasts for ever. But how can the evanescent or external shadow, the temporary clothing of that divine Emanation which returns to the source whence it proceeded, be that which is raised in incorruptibility?
Enq. Still you can hardly escape the charge of having invented a new division of man's spiritual and psychic constituents; for no philosopher speaks of them, though you believe that Plato does.
Theo. And I support the view. Besides Plato, there is Pythagoras, who also followed the same idea.3"Plato and Pythagoras," says Plutarch, "distribute the soul into two parts, the rational (noetic) and irrational (agnoia); that that part of the soul of man which is rational is eternal; for though it be not God, yet it is the product of an eternal deity, but that part of the soul which is divested of reason (agnoia) dies." The modern term Agnostic comes from Agnosis, a cognate word. We wonder why Mr. Huxley, the author of the word, should have connected his great intellect with "the soul divested of reason" which dies? Is it the exaggerated humility of the modern materialist? He described the Soul as a self-moving Unit (monad) composed of three elements, the Nous (Spirit), the phren (mind), and the thumos (life, breath or the Nephesh of the Kabalists) which three correspond to our "Atma-Buddhi," (higher Spirit-Soul), to Manas (the EGO), and to Kama-rupa in conjunction with the lower reflection of Manas. That which the Ancient Greek philosophers termed Soul, in general, we call Spirit, or Spiritual Soul, Buddhi, as the vehicle of Atma (the Agathon, or Plato's Supreme Deity). The fact that Pythagoras and others state that phren and thumos are shared by us with the brutes, proves that in this case the lower Manasic reflection (instinct) and Kama-rupa (animal living passions) are meant. And as Socrates and Plato accepted the clue and followed it, if to these five, namely, Agathon (Deity or Atma), Psuche (Soul in its collective sense), Nous (Spirit or Mind), Phren (physical mind), and Thumos (Kama-rupa or passions) we add the eidolon of the Mysteries, the shadowy form or the human double, and the physical body, it will be easy to demonstrate that the ideas of both Pythagoras and Plato were identical with ours. Even the Egyptians held to the Septenary division. In its exit, they taught, the Soul (EGO) had to pass through its seven chambers, or principles, those it left behind, and those it took along with itself. The only difference is that, ever bearing in mind the penalty of revealing Mystery-doctrines, which was death, they gave out the teaching in a broad outline, while we elaborate it and explain it in its details. But though we do give out to the world as much as is lawful, even in our doctrine more than one important detail is withheld, which those who study the esoteric philosophy and are pledged to silence, are alone entitled to know.
The Greek Teachings
Enq. We have magnificent Greek and Latin, Sanskrit and Hebrew scholars. How is it that we find nothing in their translations that would afford us a clue to what you say?
Theo. Because your translators, their great learning notwithstanding, have made of the philosophers, the Greeks especially, misty instead of mystic writers. Take as an instance Plutarch, and read what he says of "the principles" of man. That which he describes was accepted literally and attributed to metaphysical superstition and ignorance. Let me give you an illustration in point: "Man," says Plutarch, "is compound; and they are mistaken who think him to be compounded of two parts only. For they imagine that the understanding (brain intellect) is a part of the soul (the upper Triad), but they err in this no less than those who make the soul to be a part of the body, i.e. those who make of the Triad part of the corruptible mortal quaternary. For the understanding (nous) as far exceeds the soul, as the soul is better and diviner than the body. Now this composition of the soul (psuche) with the understanding (nous) makes reason; and with the body (or thumos, the animal soul) passion; of which the one is the beginning or principle of pleasure and pain, and the other of virtue and vice. Of these three parts conjoined and compacted together, the earth has given the body, the moon the soul, and the sun the understanding to the generation of man."
This last sentence is purely allegorical, and will be comprehended only by those who are versed in the esoteric science of correspondences and know which planet is related to every principle. Plutarch divides the latter into three groups, and makes of the body a compound of physical frame, astral shadow, and breath, or the triple lower part, which "from earth was taken and to earth returns"; of the middle principle and the instinctual soul, the second part, derived from and through and ever influenced by the moon; 4The Kabalists who know the relation of Jehovah, the life and children-giver, to the Moon, and the influence of the latter on generation, will again see the point as much as some astrologers will. and only of the higher part or the Spiritual Soul, with the Atmic and Manasic elements in it does he make a direct emanation of the Sun, who stands here for Agathon the Supreme Deity. This is proven by what he says further as follows:
"Now of the deaths we die, the one makes man two of three and the other one of (out of) two. The former is in the region and jurisdiction of Demeter, whence the name given to the Mysteries,telein, resembled that given to death, teleutan. The Athenians also heretofore called the deceased sacred to Demeter. As for the other death, it is in the moon or region of Persephone."
Here you have our doctrine, which shows man a septenary during life; a quintile just after death, in Kamaloka; and a threefold Ego, Spirit-Soul, and consciousness in Devachan. This separation, first in "the Meadows of Hades," as Plutarch calls the Kama-loka, then in Devachan, was part and parcel of the performances during the sacred Mysteries, when the candidates for initiation enacted the whole drama of death, and the resurrection as a glorified spirit, by which name we mean Consciousness. This is what Plutarch means when he says: —
"And as with the one, the terrestrial, so with the other celestial Hermes doth dwell. This suddenly and with violence plucks the soul from the body; but Proserpina mildly and in a long time disjoins the understanding from the soul.5Proserpina, or Persephone, stands here for post mortem Karma, which is said to regulate the separation of the lower from the higher "principles": the Soul, as Nephesh, the breath of animal life, which remains for a time in Kama-loka, from the higher compound Ego, which goes into the state of Devachan, or bliss. For this reason she is called Monogenes, only begotten, or rather begetting one alone; for the better part of man becomes alone when it is separated by her. Now both the one and the other happens thus according to nature. It is ordained by Fate (Fatum or Karma) that every soul, whether with or without understanding (mind), when gone out of the body, should wander for a time, though not all for the same, in the region lying between the earth and moon (Kamaloka).6Until the separation of the higher, spiritual "principle" takes place from the lower ones, which remain in the Kama-loka until disintegrated. For those that have been unjust and dissolute suffer then the punishment due to their offences; but the good and virtuous are there detained till they are purified, and have, by expiation, purged out of them all the infections they might have contracted from the contagion of the body, as if from foul health, living in the mildest part of the air, called the Meadows of Hades, where they must remain for a certain prefixed and appointed time. And then, as if they were returning from a wandering pilgrimage or long exile into their country, they have a taste of joy, such as they principally receive who are initiated into Sacred Mysteries, mixed with trouble, admiration, and each one's proper and peculiar hope."
This is Nirvanic bliss, and no Theosophist could describe in plainer though esoteric language the mental joys of Devachan, where every man has his paradise around him, erected by his consciousness. But you must beware of the general error into which too many even of our Theosophists fall. Do not imagine that because man is called septenary, then quintuple and a triad, he is a compound of seven, five, or three entities; or, as well expressed by a Theosophical writer, of skins to be peeled off like the skins of an onion. The "principles," as already said, save the body, the life, and the astral eidolon, all of which disperse at death, are simply aspects and states of consciousness. There is but one real man, enduring through the cycle of life and immortal in essence, if not in form, and this is Manas, the Mind-man or embodied Consciousness. The objection made by the materialists, who deny the possibility of mind and consciousness acting without matter is worthless in our case. We do not deny the soundness of their argument; but we simply ask our opponents, "Are you acquainted with all the states of matter, you who knew hitherto but of three? And how do you know whether that which we refer to as ABSOLUTE CONSCIOUSNESS or Deity for ever invisible and unknowable, be not that which, though it eludes for ever our human finite conception, is still universal Spirit-matter or matter-Spirit in its absolute infinitude" It is then one of the lowest, and in its manvantaric manifestations fractioned-aspects of this Spirit-matter, which is the conscious Ego that creates its own paradise, a fool's paradise, it may be, still a state of bliss.
Enq. But what is Devachan?
Theo. The "land of gods" literally; a condition, a state of mental bliss. Philosophically a mental condition analogous to, but far more vivid and real than, the most vivid dream. It is the state after death of most mortals.
Rudolf Steiner's Translation into German
VI. Theosophische Lehren über die Natur und den Menschen.
Die Einheit des Allwesens im All.
Frag.: So ist auseinandergesetzt worden, was Gott, die Seele und der Mensch nicht sind; kann nun auch gesagt werden, welche Vorstellungen die Theosophie darüber gibt, was sie sind?
Theos.: Ihrem Ursprunge und ihrer ewigen Wesenheit nach sind diese drei, ebenso wie das Weltall mit all seinem Inhalt, Eins mit der absoluten Einheit, der unerkennbaren ewigen Wesenheit, von welcher bereits gesprochen worden ist. Die Theosophisten glauben nicht an eine Schöpfung, sondern an periodische und sich folgende Erscheinungsarten des Weltalls, das dadurch von seiner Subjektivität in die Objektivität in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen eintritt, wodurch Perioden der Welt von großer Dauer entstehen.
Frag.: Kann diese Sache weiter ausgeführt werden?
Theos.: Man nehme für einen ersten Vergleich und als Hilfe für die entsprechende Vorstellung das Sonnenjahr, und fürs zweite die beiden Jahreshälften, die jede an dem Nordpol einen Tag und eine Nacht von sechs Monaten hervorbringen. Nun stelle man sich, so gut es geht, statt des Sonnenjahres von 365 Tagen die Ewigkeit vor. Es soll nun die Sonne das Universum repräsentieren, und jeder der polarischen Tage von sechs Monaten, Tage und Nächte, von denen jedes 182 Trillionen und Quadrillionen von Jahren dauert, statt 182 Tagen ein jedes. Wie die Sonne jeden Morgen an unserem Horizont aus dem (für uns) subjektiven und antipodischen Raum hervortritt auf den Plan der Objektivität, so steigt das Universum periodisch auf den objektiven Plan aus seiner subjektiven Form heraus auf — dem Antipoden der vorigen. Dies ist der «Kreis des Lebens». Und wie die Sonne von unserem Horizont verschwindet, so geschieht es auch mit dem Universum in regelmäßigen Zeitabschnitten, wenn die «Welt-Nacht» eintritt. Die Hindus nennen solche Übergänge «Tage und Nächte des Brahma» oder die Zeiten von Manvantara und Pralaya (Auflösung). Die Völker des Westens mögen sie Welt-Tage und Welt-Nächte nennen, wenn sie dieses vorziehen. Während der letzteren (der Nächte) ist Alles in Allem, jedes Atom ist in der einen Gleichartigkeit aufgelöst.
Evolution und Illusion
Frag.: Wer ist aber der jedesmalige Schöpfer des Universums?
Theos.: Es gibt keinen solchen Schöpfer. Die Wissenschaft würde diesen Prozess Evolution nennen; die vorchristlichen Philosophen und die Orientalen nennen ihn Emanation; die Okkultisten und Theosophisten sehen darin die einige und ewige Wirklichkeit, welche zeitweise ein Spiegelbild ihrer selbst in die unendlichen Raumestiefen wirft. Dieses Spiegelbild, das andere als objektives, materielles Weltall ansehen, betrachtet die Theosophie als eine der Zeit unterworfene «Illusion» und als nichts weiter. Allein das, was ewig ist, ist wirklich.
Frag.: So aufgefasst, sind hier der Fragesteller und der Antwortgeber «Illusionen»?
Theos.: Als vorübergehende Persönlichkeiten, heute die eine Person, morgen eine andere, — das sind wir. Würde man das plötzliche Aufleuchten der Aurora borealis, des Nord-Lichtes eine «Wirklichkeit» nennen, obgleich es so wirklich ist, wie es nur sein kann, während man es ansieht? Sicherlich nicht; es ist die Ursache, welche dies hervorbringt, sofern sie bleibend und ewig ist, die einzige Wirklichkeit, die Folge ist nur eine vorübergehende Illusion.
Frag.: All das kann aber nicht begreiflich machen, wie diese «Illusion», die man Weltall nennt, entsteht; wie die bewusste Art zu sein ihren Ausgang nimmt von dem unbewussten Sein.
Theos.: Das ist nur für unser endliches Bewusstsein unbewusst. Man könnte die Worte im Johannesevangelium (1, 5) anwenden und sagen: «Und das (absolute) Licht (das für uns Finsternis ist) scheint in die Finsternis (welche das illusionäre materielle Licht ist); und die Finsternis begreift jenes nicht». Dieses absolute Licht ist also absolutes und unveränderliches Gesetz. Entweder durch Ausstrahlung oder durch Ausfließen — um Ausdrücke ist es unnötig zu streiten — geht das Universum aus seiner in sich gleichen Subjektivität über in den ersten Plan der Offenbarung, von welchen Plänen es sieben gibt, wie man erfahren kann. Mit jedem Plan wird es dichter und materieller, bis es diesen unsern eigenen Plan erreicht, auf dem sich die einzige Welt befindet, welche annähernd bekannt ist und verstanden wird in ihrer physischen Zusammensetzung durch die Wissenschaft als das planetarische oder Sonnensystem — Eines in seiner Art, wie die Theosophie lehrt.
Frag.: Was ist gemeint mit den Worten «in seiner Art»?
Theos.: Es ist gemeint: obgleich die Grundgesetze und die universelle Wirkungsweise der Naturgesetze nur Eines sind, so hat doch unser Sonnensystem — gleich jedem andern solchen System unter den Millionen, die im Kosmos vorhanden sind — und auch unsere Erde, ihre eigene Art der Offenbarung, verschieden von den bezüglichen Arten der andern. Man spricht von den Bewohnern anderer Welten und bildet sich ein, dass sie Menschen seien, das heißt denkende Wesen wie wir selbst. Die Phantasie der Dichter, Maler und Bildhauer stellt ja immer die Engel als schöne Abbilder der Menschen dar, nur mit Flügeln begabt. Die Theosophie zeigt, dass alles dieses ein Irrtum ist; weil man nur auf dieser Erde solch eine Pflanzen-, Tier- und Menschenwelt finden kann — vom Seegras bis zur Zeder des Libanon, vom Tintenfisch bis zum Elefanten, vom Buschmann und Neger bis zum Apollo vom Belvedere. Unter andern kosmischen und planetarischen Bedingungen muss eine ganz andere Pflanzen-, Tier- und Menschenwelt sein. Dieselben Gesetze bringen doch schon auf unserem Plan, der all seine Planeten umfasst — ganz verschiedene Dinge und Wesen hervor. Wie verschieden muss erst die äußere Natur auf andern Sonnensystemen sein, und wie lächerlich ist es, auf Sterne und Welten und menschliche Wesen anderer Welten den Maßstab unserer eigenen anzuwenden, wie das von der physischen Wissenschaft geschieht.
Frag.: Aber auf was lässt sich solch eine Behauptung stützen?
Theos.: Auf das, was die Wissenschaft im Allgemeinen niemals annehmen wird: — auf das Zeugnis einer endlosen Reihe von Sehern, die sich zu diesen Tatsachen bekannt haben. Ihre spirituellen Offenbarungen, wirkliche Nachforschungen durch die psychischen und spirituellen Sinne — die durch das blinde Fleisch nicht getrübt werden — können ordnungsgemäß zusammengestellt und untereinander sowohl, als auch mit der Natur verglichen werden. Alles, was nicht die widerspruchlose und übereinstimmende Erfahrung erhärtet, mag verworfen werden, während nur das als unbezweifelbare Wahrheit gelten soll, was in verschiedenen Zeitaltern, unter verschiedenen Himmelsstrichen und durch eine Reihe von ineinanderfließenden Beobachtungen festgestellt ist und stets durch weitere Betrachtung sich erhärtet. Die Methoden, welche durch unsere Schüler und Studenten der psycho-spirituellen Wissenschaften angewendet werden, unterscheiden sich nicht von denjenigen der physischen und Naturwissenschaft, wie man sieht. Nur liegen die Untersuchungsfelder auf zwei verschiedenen Planen; und die Instrumente der ersteren sind nicht von menschlichen Händen gemacht; aus welchem Grunde sie wohl nur sicherer sein können. Die Retorten, Akkumulatoren und Mikroskope des Naturforschers können in Unordnung kommen; die Teleskope und die astronomischen Zeitbestimmer können schadhaft werden; die UntersuchungsInstrumente des Theosophisten stehen nicht unter dem Einflüsse von Wetter und Elementen.
Frag.: Und deswegen kann man einen unbedingten Glauben an sie haben?
Theos.: Glaube ist ein Wort, das man im theosophischen Wörterbuch nicht finden wird: hier wird von Erkenntnis gesprochen, die auf Beobachtung und Erfahrung begründet ist. Es besteht der Unterschied, dass, während die Beobachtung und Erfahrung der physischen Wissenschaft die Forscher zu ebenso vielen Hypothesen führt als sich Geister finden, die theosophische Erkenntnis einzig auf die unzweifelhaften Tatsachen begründet ist, die absolut bewiesen sind. Es gibt da keine zwei Glauben oder Hypothesen über denselben Gegenstand.
Frag.: Beruht denn die sonderbare Lehre, die man im esoterischen Buddhismus findet, auf solch einer Grundlage? Theos.: Das ist durchaus der Fall. Diese Lehre mag etwas ungenau in ihren untergeordneten Einzelheiten sein, und ebenso fehlerhaft ihre Auseinandersetzung durch Laienschüler; sie selbst aber beruht auf Naturtatsachen und kommt der Wahrheit näher als irgendeine wissenschaftliche Hypothese.
Von der siebenfachen Wesenheit unseres Planeten.
Frag.: Es scheint, dass in der Theosophie die Erde als ein Glied in einer Kette von Erden aufgefasst wird. Theos.: Das ist der Fall. Aber die anderen sechs «Erden» oder Globen sind nicht auf demselben Plane der Objektivität wie unsere Erde; daher können sie nicht gesehen werden.
Frag.: Kommt das auf Rechnung der großen Entfernung? Theos.: Ganz und gar nicht, denn man sieht mit dem bloßen Auge nicht nur unseren Planeten, sondern auch Sterne in unermesslich großen Entfernungen. Aber jene sechs Globen sind außerhalb der physischen Weltauffassung oder dem Plane des physischen Seins. Nicht nur, dass ihre materielle Dichte, Gewicht oder Bauart ganz verschieden ist von denen unserer Erde und den andern bekannten Planeten, sondern sie sind in einer ganz verschiedenen Lage des Raumes sozusagen; in einer Lage, welche durch die physischen Sinne nicht erfasst werden kann. Und wenn man sagt «Lage», so soll sich niemand einbilden, dass damit «Lagen» gemeint seien, welche gleich Schichten oder Ablagerungen über einander liegen, denn solches würde nur zu einem andern Missverständnis führen. Was mit «Lage» gemeint ist, das ist, dass der Plan des unendlichen Raumes nicht von der gewöhnlichen Wahrnehmung begriffen werden kann, weder von der verstandesmäßigen, noch von der physischen; sondern er existiert außerhalb des normalen verstandesmäßigen Bewusstseins, außerhalb des dreidimensionalen Raumes und außerhalb der gewöhnlichen Zeit. Jeder von den sieben Grundplanen (oder «Lagen») im Raume — gemeint ist der Raum als Ganzes nach Lockes Definition, nicht unser endlicher Raum — hat seine eigene Objektivität und Subjektivität, seinen eigenen Raum und seine eigene Zeit, sein eigenes Bewusstsein und seine eigene Art von Sinnen. Aber all dieses ist schwerverständlich für jene, die in der modernen Vorstellungsart erzogen sind.
Frag.: Was ist mit verschiedenen Sinnen gemeint? Gibt es irgendetwas auf unserem physischen Plan, was als Versinnlichung des Gesagten dienen kann, um das zu veranschaulichen, was mit der Verschiedenheit der Sinne, der Räume und der bezüglichen Auffassungen gemeint ist?
Theos.: Nein, ausgenommen etwas, das für die Wissenschaft erst recht einen Anhalt böte, um ein Gegenargument darauf zu gründen. Gibt es denn nicht eine von der gewöhnlichen verschiedene Art von Sinnen im Traumleben? Man fühlt, spricht, hört, sieht, tastet im allgemeinen da auf einem andern Plane; die Veränderung des Bewusstseinszustandes ist in die Augen springend, wenn man bedenkt, dass eine Reihe von Tatsachen und Ereignissen, die Jahre umfassen, in einem Augenblicke im Traume durch unser Bewusstsein ziehen. Nun wohl, die außerordentliche Geschwindigkeit unserer Denkoperationen im Traume und die vollkommene Natürlichkeit aller anderen Funktionen während dieser Zeit zeigen, dass wir uns auf einem ganz andern Plane befinden. Unsere Philosophen lehren uns, dass, so wie es sieben Grundkräfte in der Natur gibt und sieben Plane des Seins, so auch sieben Bewusstseinszustände, in denen der Mensch leben, denken, sich erinnern und überhaupt sein kann. Das hier im Einzelnen auseinanderzusetzen ist unmöglich; dafür ist das Studium der östlichen Metaphysik nützlich. Aber in den zwei Zuständen, dem wachenden und dem träumenden, hat jeder gewöhnliche Mensch, vom gelehrten Philosophen bis zu dem unkultivierten Wilden, den Beweis, dass es solch verschiedene Zustände gibt.
Frag.: Demnach werden von der Theosophie die gebräuchlichen Erklärungen des Traumes nicht angenommen?
Theos.: Sie werden es nicht. Es werden die Hypothesen der gewöhnlichen Psychologen verworfen und die Lehren der östlichen Weisheit vorgezogen. Überzeugt davon, dass es sieben Plane des kosmischen Seins und sieben Bewusstseinszustände gibt, wenn man den Makrokosmos betrachtet, bleiben wir auf dem vierten Plane, da wir es unmöglich finden, ohne sicheren Untergrund weiter zu gehen. Aber im Hinblick auf den Mikrokosmos, oder den Menschen, ergehen wir uns ungehindert über seine sieben Zustände und Prinzipien.
Frag.: Wie kann das auseinandergesetzt werden?
Theos.: Man findet fürs erste zwei voneinander verschiedene Wesenheiten im Menschen: die spirituelle und die physische; den Menschen, welcher denkt, und den Menschen, der so viele von diesen Gedanken ins Gedächtnis aufnimmt, als er kann. Daher teilen wir ihn in zwei Wesenheiten: die obere oder spirituelle Wesenheit, zusammengesetzt aus drei «Prinzipien» oder Aspekten; und die niedere oder physische Vierheit, die aus vier Wesenheiten besteht — was zusammen sieben macht.
Die siebenfache Wesenheit des Menschen.
Frag.: Bewegt sich diese Einteilung nicht in derselben Richtung, wie wenn man sagt: der Mensch besteht aus Geist, Seele und fleischlichem Leibe?
Theos.: Das ist nicht der Fall. Das ist die alte platonische Einteilung. Plato war ein Eingeweihter, und er konnte deswegen nicht auf die verbotenen Einzelheiten eingehen; aber wer mit der alten Lehre bekannt ist, der findet die «Sieben» in den verschiedenen Kombinationen Platos über Seele und Geist. Er sieht den Menschen an als bestehend aus zwei Teilen, einem ewigen, gebildet aus derselben Wesenheit mit dem Absoluten, und einem sterblichen und unvergänglichen, der seine verschiedenen Bestandteile von den «erschaffenen» Göttern hat. Der Mensch ist, in seinem Sinne, zusammengesetzt aus 1) dem sterblichen Körper; 2) einem unsterblichen Prinzip; und 3) einer «abgesonderten sterblichen Art von Seele». Es kommt das gleich der theosophischen Einteilung in den physischen Menschen, die spirituelle Seele oder den Geist (nous) und die tierische Seele (psyche). Dies ist die Einteilung, welche auch von Paulus angenommen worden ist, einem andern Initiierten, der behauptet, dass es einen psychischen Körper gibt, bestehend aus einem vergänglichen (astralischen oder psychischen Körper) und einen spirituellen Leib, begründet in einer unzerstörbaren Wesenheit. Auch Jakobus (III, 15) führt dasselbe aus, indem er sagt, dass die «Weisheit» (unserer niedern Seele) sich nicht von oben herleitet, sondern irdisch ist, «psychisch», «dämonisch» (vergl. den griechischen Text), während die andere eine himmlische Weisheit ist. Vollends klar stellt sich die Sache dadurch, dass Plato und Pythagoras, während sie nur von drei «Prinzipien» sprechen, doch sieben abgesonderte Funktionen angeben, in ihren verschiedenen Kombinationen. Folgende Tafel soll skizzenhaft die sieben Glieder der Menschennatur angeben:
Sanscrit-Ausdruck | Gewöhnliche Ausdrücke | Erklärung | |
---|---|---|---|
Die niedere Vierheit | a) Rupa oder Sthuhla Sharira | a) Physischer Körper | a) Dies ist der Träger aller andern Prinzipien während des Lebens. |
b) Prana | b) Leben oder vitales Prinzip | b) Ist notwendig nur für a c d und die Funktionen des niederen Manas, welches umfasst alles, was durch das physische Gehirn bedingt ist. | |
c) Linga Sharira | c) Astral-Körper | c) Der Doppelgänger oder Schatten des physischen Körpers. | |
d) Kama Rupa | d) Der Sitz der tierischen Wünsche und Leidenschaften | d) Das ist der Mittelpunkt des tierischen Menschen, in dem die Grenzlinie liegt zwischen dem sterblichen Menschen und der unsterblichen Wesenheit. | |
Die obere unvergängliche Dreiheit | e) Manas — zweifaches Prinzip in seinen Funktionen | e) Verstand, Intelligenz; die höhere Erkenntnis fähigkeit, das Licht oder die Licht oder die Ausstrahlung, die während der Lebenszeit von der Monade dem sterblichen Menschen zugesandt wird. | e) Der zukünftige Zustand und die karmische Bestimmung des Menschen hängt davon ab, ob sein Manas sich mehr abwärts zu Kama Rupa, dem Sitz der tierischen Leidenschaften, oder aufwärts, zu Budhi neigt, dem spirituellen «Ich». Im letzteren Falle wird das höhere Bewusstsein der spirituellen Bestrebungen des Manas mit Budhi vereinigt und bildet jenes «Ich», das in die «devahanische Seligkeit» eingeht. |
f) Budhi | f) Die spirituelle Seele | f) Der Träger der reinen spirituellen Seelen. | |
g) Atma | g) Geist | g) Eins mit dem Absoluten, als dessen Ausstrahlung. |
In Sinnetts «Esoterischem Buddhismus» sind d), e) und f) genannt: tierische, menschliche und geistige Seele, was wohl möglich ist. Obgleich im «Esoterischen Buddhismus» die Prinzipien nummeriert sind, so ist das doch, genau genommen, nutzlos. Die zweigeteilte Monade (Atma-Budhi) allein mag mit den zwei höchsten Zahlen (6 und 7) belegt werden. Von den andern muss dasjenige Prinzip als das erste betrachtet werden, das bei einem Menschen vorherrschend ist. Eine Regel der allgemeinen Einteilung ist unmöglich. Bei einigen Menschen beherrscht die höhere Intelligenz oder Manas (das 5.) die übrigen Prinzipien, bei anderen die tierische Seele (Kama Rupa), die sich oft in niederen Instinkten äußert usw.
Nun, und was lehrt Plato? Er spricht von dem inneren Menschen als bestehend aus zwei Teilen, einem unvergänglichen und immer gleichbleibenden, der aus derselben Wesenheit gebildet ist wie die Gottheit, und einem sterblichen und vergänglichen. Diese beiden Teile können wieder erkannt werden in der oberen Dreiheit und der niederen Vierheit der obigen Tafel. Er setzt auseinander, dass, wenn die Seele (psyche) sich verbindet mit dem «Nous» (dem göttlichen Geist),6Paulus nennt Platos «nous» Geist; aber mit diesem Geist ist Budhi und nicht Atma gemeint; weil letzteres philosophisch nicht eine besondere «Substanz» in irgendeinem Verhältnisse heißen kann. Man zählt Atma unter die menschlichen Prinzipien; in Wirklichkeit ist es aber der absolute Geist, und Budhi sein Träger. sie alles richtig und beseligend vollbringe; wenn sie sich dagegen mit Anoia (der unvernünftigen Tierseele) verbindet (dem Käma Rüpa oder der «tierischen Seele» im «Esoterischen Buddhismus»), so gehe sie ganz ihrer Vernichtung entgegen, soweit das persönliche «Ich» in Betraun kommt; geht sie mit dem «Nous» (Atma-Budhi) zusammen, so wird sie unsterbliches, unvergängliches «Ich», und dann ist das spirituelle Bewusstsein des persönlichen «Ich» dasjenige, was unsterblich wird.
Der Unterschied zwischen Seele und Geist.
Frag.: Lehrt die Theosophie wirklich, wie einige Spiritualisten und französische Spiritisten sagen, die Vernichtung der Persönlichkeit?
Theos.: Das lehrt sie nicht. Die Gegner haben diese unsinnige Anklage ins Werk gesetzt, weil diese Frage von Zwiefältigkeit — Individualität des göttlichen «Selbst» und Persönlichkeit des niederen Menschen — es, wie bereits erklärt, notwendig erscheinen lässt, dass man in Abrede stellt: das wirkliche unsterbliche «Selbst» könne in «Sitzungen» als materialisierter «Geist» erscheinen.
Frag.: Es wurde behauptet, dass die Seele ihrer völligen Auflösung entgegengehe, sobald sie sich mit Anoia verbindet. Was meint damit Plato und was die Theosophie? Theos.: Damit ist die ganze Vernichtung des «persönlichen» Bewusstseins gemeint, was nur ausnahmsweise und in seltenen Fällen vorkommt, wie anzunehmen ist. Die allgemeine und ziemlich unveränderliche Regel ist, dass das Persönliche eingeht in das individuelle oder unsterbliche Bewusstsein des «Selbst», was eine Verwandlung oder eine göttliche Verklärung ist, und nur für die niederen «Vier» eine Vernichtung bedeutet. Kann denn jemand erwarten, dass der Mensch im Fleische (als zeitweilige Persönlichkeit) sein Schattenbild (das astrale), seine tierischen Instinkte und sogar das physische Leben mit dem geistigen «Selbst» immer leben und etwa gar unsterblich werden könne? Naturgemäß hört das alles auf zu existieren, entweder gleich mit oder bald nach dem Tode. Es wird mit der Zeit ganz aufgelöst und verschwindet vor dem Anblicke, indem es als Ganzes zerstört wird.
Frag.: Damit verwirft die Theosophie die Auferstehung des Leibes?
Theos.: Das tut sie mit aller Bestimmtheit. Wie könnte sie, welche an die alte esoterische Lehre glaubt, die unphilosophischen Spekulationen der späteren christlichen Theologen annehmen, die von den ägyptischen und griechischen exoterischen Lehren herstammen?
Frag.: Die Ägypter verehrten Natur-Geister und vergöttlichten selbst die Zwiebel; die Hindus sind Götzendiener bis heute; die Zoroastrier beteten und beten noch die Sonne an, auch die besten griechischen Philosophen waren entweder Träumer oder Materialisten, wie Plato und Demokritos. Wie ist aus all dem durch Vergleich eine einheitliche Lehre zu erhalten?
Theos.: Das mag so dargestellt sein in den modernen theologischen und selbst in den wissenschaftlichen Katechismen; für unbefangene Betrachter ist es aber durchaus nicht so. Die Ägypter verehrten den «einigen All-Einen» als «Nout»; und nach diesem Worte hat Anaxagoras seine Benennung «Nous» gemacht; oder wie er sich ausdrückt νοῦς αὐτοκρατήςg der «Geist oder die sich selbst bildende Wesenheit», ἀρχή τῆς κιήσεως «die treibende Urkraft» oder der «erste Beweger» des All. Für ihn war der «Nous» Gott, und der «Logos» ward Mensch, seine Ausstrahlung. Dieser «Nous» ist der Geist (entweder im Kosmos oder im Menschen) und der «Logos», entweder als Universum oder als Astralkörper, ist die Ausstrahlung des ersteren, der physische Körper aber damit rein tierisch. Unsere äußeren Kräfte nehmen Phänomene wahr; unser «Nous» allein ist fähig, die Noumena zu erkennen. Es ist allein der «Logos», oder das Noumenon, welches überlebt, weil es unsterblich ist seiner wahren Natur und Wesenheit nach, und der «Logos» im Menschen ist das ewige «Selbst», das was immer wieder sich verkörpert und zuletzt allein übrig bleibt. Aber wie kann der flüchtige, äußere Schatten, die zeitweilige Hülle der göttlichen Ausstrahlung, welche immer wieder zu seinem Ursprung zurückkehrt, dasjenige sein, was unverwüstlich ist?
Frag.: Doch kann die Theosophie kaum dem Vorwurf entgehen, eine neue Einteilung der spirituellen und psychischen Bestandteile des Menschen erfunden zu haben; denn kein Philosoph spricht in ähnlicher Art, obgleich geglaubt wird, dass Plato dies tut.
Theos.: Doch kann dieser Glaube gestützt werden. Nicht nur Plato, sondern auch Pythagoras haben dieselbe Einteilung.7«Plato und Pythagoras», sagt Plutarch, «teilen die Seele in zwei Teile, den vernunftbegabten (no&tic) und den vernunftlosen (agnoia); jener Seelenteil, der vernunftbegabt ist, ist ewig, denn obgleich er nicht Gott ist, so ist er doch das Produkt einer ewigen Göttlichkeit; aber der vernuftlose Teil (agnoia) stirbt.» Der moderne Ausdruck «agnostisch» kommt von «a-gnosticos», ein Wort, das mit agnoia verwandt ist. Es ist zu verwundern, dass Huxley, der Schöpfer dieses Wortes, seine Einsicht von dem Teil der Seele hat blenden lassen, der stirbt. Es ist dies eine übertriebene Demut des modernen Materialismus. Er beschreibt die Seele als eine sich selbst bewegende Einheit (Monade), zusammengesetzt aus drei Elementen, dem «Nous» (Geist), dem «phren» (Intellekt) und dem «thymos» (Leben, Atem oder dem nephesh der Kabbalisten), welche drei unserem Atma-Budhi (der höheren Seele) entsprechen, dem Manas (Selbst) und dem Käma Rüpa in Verbindung mit der niederen Reflexion des Manas. Was die alten griechischen Philosophen im allgemeinen Seele nennen, bezeichnet man in der Theosophie als Geist oder spirituelle Seele, Budhi, als Träger von Atma — dem «Agathon», oder Platos höchster Göttlichkeit. Die Tatsache, dass Pythagoras und andere annehmen, dass «phren» und «thymos» dem Menschen mit den Tieren gemeinsam sind, zeigt, dass damit die niedere manasische Reflexion (Instinkt) und Käma Rüpa (die tierischen Leidenschaften) gemeint sind. Und da Sokrates und Plato diese Art von Verknüpfung annahmen und ihr folgten, so kann von den fünf Elementen «agathon» (göttliches Selbst oder Atma), «psyche» (Seele im zusammenfassenden Sinn), «nous» (Geist), «phren» (physischer Intellekt) und thymos (Käma Rüpa) (oder Leidenschaften), wozu noch das «Eidolon» der Mysterien (die Schattenform des Menschen) und der physische Leib kommen — leicht bewiesen werden, dass die Ideen von Pythagoras und Plato mit den theosophischen übereinstimmen. Auch die Ägypter hielten sich an die siebengliedrige Einteilung. Sie sagten, dass die Seele (das Selbst) nach dem Tode sieben Kammern oder Prinzipien zu passieren habe, diejenigen, die hinter ihr, und diejenigen, die vor ihr liegen. Der einzige Unterschied ist, dass sie, eingedenk der Todesstrafe, die auf den Verrat der Mysterien gesetzt war, nur in breiten Linien die Lehre gaben, während die Theosophie die Details ausarbeitet. Aber obgleich heute der Welt so viel gegeben wird, als gesetzlich ist, so muss doch noch in der Lehre manche Einzelheit zurückbehalten werden, die nur kennen darf, wer die esoterische Philosophie studiert und sich zu Stillschweigen verpflichtet.
Die griechischen Lehren
Frag.: Es gibt doch ausgezeichnete Gelehrte des Griechischen, Lateinischen, des Sanscrit und Hebräischen. Wie kommt es, dass in ihren Übersetzungen nichts zu finden ist, das zu dem führen könnte, was die Theosophen sagen?
Theos.: Weil diese Übersetzer, unbeschadet ihrer großen Gelehrsamkeit, aus den Philosophen, ganz besonders aus den griechischen, ganz nebulose statt mystischer Schriftsteller gemacht haben. Man nehme als Beispiel Plutarch und lese, was er über die Prinzipien des Menschen sagt. Man hat buchstäblich genommen, was er sagt, und es metaphysischem Aberglauben und der Unwissenheit zugeschrieben. Es sei ein Beispiel gegeben:
«Der Mensch ist zusammengesetzt; und es irren diejenigen, die annehmen, er bestehe nur aus zwei Teilen. Denn sie bilden sich ein, dass der Verstand (Gehirn-Intellekt) ein Teil der Seele (der oberen Dreiheit) sei; aber darinnen irren sie nicht weniger, als wenn sie die Seele zu einem Teil des Körpers machten (damit sind jene gemeint, welche aus der Triade einen Teil der sterblichen Vierheit machen). Denn der Verstand (nous) steht über der Seele, so weit wie die Seele über dem Körper steht. Die Verbindung von Seele (psyche) mit dem Verstand (nous) macht die Vernunft; und mit dem Körper (oder thymos, der tierischen Seele) die Leidenschaft. Von diesen ist das eine der Anfang oder das Prinzip von Lust und Leid, das andere von Tugend und Laster. Von diesen drei mit einander verbundenen Teilen gibt die Erde den Körper, der Mond die Seele und die Sonne den Verstand her für die menschliche Entwicklung.»
Der letzte Ausspruch ist rein allegorisch und kann nur von denen verstanden werden, die ihn im Sinne der esoterischen Wissenschaft erfassen, welche die Beziehungen lehrt, die zwischen jedem Planeten und jedem Prinzip herrschen. Plutarch teilt die Prinzipien in drei Gruppen und macht aus dem Körper eine Zusammenfügung von physischer Unterlage, astralem Schatten und Atem, oder den drei niedern Teilen, welche «von der Erde genommen sind und zur Erde wiederkehren»; er unterscheidet weiter das mittlere Prinzip oder die Instinkt-Seele, den zweiten Teil, abgeleitet und beeinflusst von dem Monde; 88 Die Kabbalisten, welche die Beziehung von Jehova, dem Leben- und Kinder-Spender, zum Monde kennen und den Einfluss des letzteren auf die Fortpflanzung, denken über diesen Punkt ebenso wie die Astrologen. und nur aus dem höchsten Teil oder der spirituellen Seele (Budhi), welche das atmische und manasische Element in sich birgt, macht er eine unmittelbare Ausstrahlung der Sonne; deshalb steht dieser Teil hier für «Agathon» oder das höhere Göttliche. Dies wird bewiesen durch seine folgenden Worte:
«Nun aber sterben wir in folgender Art, der eine Tod macht aus der Dreiheit des Menschen eine Zweiheit, der andere aus der Zweiheit eine Einheit. Der erste untersteht der Region und Gesetzmäßigkeit der Demeter, weswegen der Name der Mysterien τελείν jenem des Todes gleicht τελευτᾶν. Die Athener nannten deshalb den Verstorbenen «der Demeter geweihv. Ebenso gehört der andere Tod dem Monde oder der Region der Persephone an.»
Dies ist ganz die theosophische Lehre, welche einen siebengliedrigen Menschen während des Lebens annimmt; einen fünfgliedrigen gleich nach dem Tode in Kamaloka; und eine Dreiheit, Selbst, Geist-Seele und Bewusstsein im Devahan. Diese Teilung, zuerst im «Reich des Hades», wie Plutarch Kamaloka nennt, dann in Devahan, war ein Teil der Vorführungen während der heiligen Mysterien, wenn die Kandidaten der Einweihung das ganze Drama des Todes durchmachten und die Auferstehung erlebten als ein verklärter Geist, mit welchem Namen «Bewusstsein» gemeint ist. Das sagt Plutarch mit den Worten:
«Und wie er das eine, das Irdische, so bewohnt Hermes auch das andere, das Himmlische. Er trennt plötzlich und mit heftigem Erbeben die Seele vom Körper; aber Proserpina trennt milde und in einer langen Zeit den Verstand von der Seele.9Proserpina oder Persephone steht hier für das nach dem Tode vorhandene Karma, welches berufen ist, die Trennung der niedern von den höheren «Prinzipien» zu bewirken, der Seele als «nephesh», die für einige Zeit in Kama-Loka bleibt, von dem höheren «Selbst», das in den Zustand der Seligkeit «Devahan» übergeht. Aus diesem Grund wird sie
Denn diejenigen, welche ungerecht und verwerflich gelebt haben, erdulden die Strafe für ihre Verletzungen; aber die Guten und Tugendhaften werden daselbst solange verbleiben, bis sie geläutert sind und bis sie sich durch Sühne gereinigt haben von allen Infektionen, die sie durch Verbindung mit dem Körper in sich aufgenommen haben, — so lange leben sie in dem mildesten Teil der Region, welche die «Gefilde des Hades» genannt werden. Und dann, wenn sie zurückkehren von der Pilgerschaft oder dem Exil in jener Gegend, so haben sie ein Gefühl der Freude, so wie es prinzipiell diejenigen empfangen, die in die heiligen Mysterien eingeweiht werden, vermischt mit Ehrfurcht, Bewunderung und einer jedem Einzelnen besonderen Hoffnung.»
Das ist die nirvanische Seligkeit, und kein Theosophist könnte in vollgültiger esoterischer Sprache die geistigen Freuden des Devahan beschreiben, woselbst der Mensch sein Paradies um sich herum hat, wie er es durch das eigene Bewusstsein erschafft. Aber man muss sich vor einem allgemeinen Irrtum hüten, in den viele Theosophisten fallen. Man soll sich nicht einbilden, dass der Mensch, weil er siebenfältig, dann fünffältig und dann eine Triade genannt wird, aus sieben, fünf oder drei Wesenheiten zusammengefügt ist; oder gar, wie es durch einen theosophischen Schriftsteller ausgedrückt wird, aus Häuten gleich denen einer Zwiebel. Die «Prinzipien» sind, wie bereits gesagt, mit Ausnahme des Körpers, des Lebens und des Astralschattens, die mit dem Tode verschwinden, einfach Arten oder Zustände des Bewusstseins. Es gibt nur einen einheitlichen Menschen in der Wirklichkeit, der bleibend ist durch den ganzen Lebenszyklus hindurch und der seiner Wesenheit nach unsterblich ist, wenn auch nicht der Form nach, und der ist Manas, das «Geist-Selbst» oder das verkörperte Bewusstsein. Der Einwand, den die Materialisten machen, welche die Möglichkeit leugnen, dass Geist und Bewusstsein ohne den Stoff tätig sein können, ist in unserem Falle wertlos. Es soll die Gültigkeit ihrer Ansicht nicht geleugnet werden; aber sie sollen einfach gefragt werden: «Sind euch alle Zustände des Stoffes bekannt, da ihr doch nur von dreien etwas wisst?» «Und wie wollt ihr wissen, dass dies, was in der Theosophie absolutes Bewusstsein oder die Göttlichkeit genannt wird, das für immer unsichtbar und unerkennbar genannt wird, nicht doch vorhanden ist, und obgleich es für das begrenzte menschliche Erkennen unerreichbar ist, doch als allgemeiner Geist-Stoff oder Stoff-Geist in seiner absoluten Unendlichkeit doch besteht?» Es ist dann eine der niedrigen und in seiner manvantarischen Offenbarung als gebrochener Strahl erscheinende Art dieses Geist-Stoffes, die in dem bewussten Ich ein eigenes Paradies, es mag eines Toren Paradies zuweilen sein, erschafft als einen Glückseligkeits-Zustand.
Frag.: Aber was ist Devahan? Theos.: Wörtlich «das Land der Götter»; eine Lage, ein Zustand geistiger Beseligung. Philosophisch eine geistige Lage, die ähnlich dem Traume ist, nur weit lebendiger und wirklicher als der lebhafteste Traum. Es ist der Zustand nach dem Tode bei den meisten Sterblichen.
Automated Retranslation
VI. Theosophical Teachings about Nature and Man.
The Unity of the Universe.
Frag.: We have been told what God, the soul, and man are not. Can you now tell us what theosophy says they are?
Theos.: In their origin and eternal essence, these three, as well as the universe with all its contents, are one with the absolute unity, the unknowable eternal essence, of which has already been spoken. The theosophists do not believe in creation, but in periodic and successive modes of manifestation of the universe, which thereby passes from subjectivity to objectivity at regular intervals of time, giving rise to periods of the world of great duration.
Frag.: Can this matter be further explained?
Theos.: Take the solar year for a first comparison and as an aid to the corresponding idea, and for the second, the two halves of the year, each of which produces a day and a night of six months at the North Pole. Now imagine, as best you can, eternity instead of the solar year of 365 days. Let the sun represent the universe, and each of the polar days of six months, days and nights, each lasting 182 trillion and quadrillion years, instead of 182 days each. Just as the sun rises every morning on our horizon from the subjective and antipodean space (for us) onto the plane of objectivity, so the universe periodically rises onto the objective plane from its subjective form – the antipode of the former. This is the “Circle of Life”. And as the Sun disappears from our horizon, so it also happens to the universe at regular intervals of time, when the “world night” occurs. The Hindus call such transitions “days and nights of Brahma” or the times of Manvantara and Pralaya (dissolution). The peoples of the West may call them world days and world nights if they prefer. During the latter (the nights) everything is in everything, every atom is dissolved into the one homogeneity.
Evolution and Illusion
Question: But who is the creator of the universe each time?
Theos: There is no such creator. Science would call this process evolution; the pre-Christian philosophers and the Orientals call it emanation; the occultists and theosophists see in it the one and eternal reality, which at times casts a reflection of itself into the infinite depths of space. This reflection, which others see as an objective, material universe, is regarded by theosophy as an “illusion” subject to time and nothing more. Only that which is eternal is real.
Frag.: So understood, are the questioner and the answerer here “illusions”?
Theos.: As temporary personalities, today one person, tomorrow another, — that is what we are. Would you call the sudden appearance of the aurora borealis, the northern lights, a “reality”, although it is as real as it can be while you are looking at it? Certainly not; it is the cause that produces this, in so far as it is permanent and eternal, the only reality, the consequence is only a temporary illusion.
Frag.: But all this cannot make it understandable how this “illusion”, which is called the universe, comes into being; how the conscious way of being originates from the unconscious being.
Theos.: This is unconscious only for our finite consciousness. One could apply the words in the Gospel of John (1:5) and say: “And the (absolute) light (which is darkness for us) shines in the darkness (which is the illusory material light); and the darkness does not comprehend it”. This absolute light is therefore an absolute and immutable law. Either through radiation or emanation – there is no need to argue about the terms – the universe passes from its inherent subjectivity to the first level of revelation, of which there are seven, as can be learned. With each plan, it becomes denser and more material until it reaches this, our own plan, on which the only world is located that is approximately known and understood in its physical composition by science as the planetary or solar system – one of its kind, as theosophy teaches.
Frag.: What is meant by the words “in its kind”?
Theos.: It is meant: although the basic laws and the universal functioning of the laws of nature are only one, our solar system – like every other such system among the millions present in the cosmos – and also our earth, has its own way of revealing, different from the respective ways of the others. We speak of the inhabitants of other worlds and imagine that they are human, that is, thinking beings like ourselves. The imagination of poets, painters, and sculptors always represents angels as beautiful images of human beings, only endowed with wings. Theosophy shows that all this is an error, because only on this earth can one find such a world of plants, animals and humans – from seagrass to the cedars of Lebanon, from octopuses to elephants, from Bushmen and Negroes to Apollo of Belvedere. Under different cosmic and planetary conditions, there must be a completely different world of plants, animals and humans. The same laws already produce very different things and beings on our planet, which encompasses all its planets. How different outer nature must be on other solar systems, and how ridiculous it is to apply the standard of our own world to stars and worlds and human beings of other worlds, as physical science does.
Frag.: But what is the basis for such an assertion?
Theos.: On that which science in general will never accept - on the testimony of an endless series of seers who have professed these facts. Their spiritual revelations, real investigations through the psychic and spiritual senses - which are not clouded by the blind flesh - can be properly compiled and compared with each other as well as with nature. Everything that does not corroborate the uncontradicted and concurrent experience may be dismissed, while only that which is established in different ages, under different latitudes, and by a succession of converging observations, and is always corroborated by further observation, is to be accepted as undoubted truth. The methods employed by our students of psycho-spiritual sciences do not differ from those of physical and natural science, as can be seen. Only the fields of investigation are on two different planes; and the instruments of the former are not made by human hands; for which reason they can only be more reliable. The retorts, accumulators and microscopes of the naturalist can be disturbed; the telescopes and astronomical timers can be damaged; the instruments of the theosophist are not influenced by the weather and the elements.
Frag.: And therefore one can have absolute faith in them?
Theos.: Faith is a word that you will not find in the theosophical dictionary: here we speak of knowledge based on observation and experience. The difference is that while observation and experience in physical science lead the researchers to as many hypotheses as there are minds, theosophical knowledge is based solely on the undoubted facts that have been absolutely proven. There are no two beliefs or hypotheses on the same subject.
Question: Is the strange teaching found in esoteric Buddhism based on such a foundation? Theos: That is quite the case. This teaching may be somewhat inaccurate in its minor details and equally faulty in its exposition by lay disciples; but it is based on facts of nature and comes closer to the truth than any scientific hypothesis.
The Sevenfold Nature of Our Planet.
Disc.: It seems that in Theosophy the Earth is considered as one link in a chain of Earths. Theos.: That is the case. But the other six 'Earths' or globes are not on the same plane of objectivity as our Earth; therefore they cannot be seen.
Question: Is this because of the great distance? Theos.: Not at all, for not only do we see our planet with the naked eye, but also stars at immeasurably great distances. But those six globes are outside the physical conception of the world or the plane of physical existence. Not only are their material density, weight or structure quite different from those of our Earth and the other known planets, but they are in a completely different position in space, so to speak; in a position that cannot be grasped by the physical senses. And when we say “position,” no one should imagine that we mean “layers” that lie on top of each other like strata or deposits, because that would only lead to another misunderstanding. What is meant by “layer” is that the plan of infinite space cannot be grasped by ordinary perception, neither by intellectual nor by physical perception; but it exists outside of normal intellectual consciousness, outside of three-dimensional space and outside of ordinary time. Each of the seven fundamental planes (or “layers”) in space – meaning space as a whole according to Locke's definition, not our finite space – has its own objectivity and subjectivity, its own space and its own time, its own consciousness and its own kind of senses. But all this is difficult to understand for those who have been educated in the modern way of thinking.
Frag.: What is meant by different senses? Is there anything on our physical plane that can serve as a sensualization of what has been said to illustrate what is meant by the diversity of the senses, the spaces and the related perceptions?
Theos.: No, except for something that would be even more useful for science to base a counterargument on. Is there not a kind of sense in our dream life that is different from the ordinary kind? We generally feel, speak, hear, see, and touch on a different plane in our dreams; the change in our state of consciousness is striking when we consider that a series of facts and events that span years pass through our consciousness in a moment in a dream. Now, the extraordinary speed of our thought processes in dreams and the complete naturalness of all our other functions during this time show that we are on a completely different plane. Our philosophers teach us that just as there are seven basic forces in nature and seven planes of being, there are also seven states of consciousness in which man can live, think, remember and be in general. It is impossible to discuss this in detail here; for that, the study of Eastern metaphysics is useful. But in the two states, waking and dreaming, every ordinary person, from the learned philosopher to the uncultivated savage, has proof that there are such different states.
Question: Does this mean that theosophy does not accept the usual explanations of dreams?
Theos: It does not. The hypotheses of ordinary psychologists are rejected and the teachings of Eastern wisdom are preferred. Convinced that there are seven planes of cosmic existence and seven states of consciousness when looking at the macrocosm, we remain on the fourth plane, as we find it impossible to go further without a secure foundation. But with regard to the microcosm, or man, we expound freely on his seven states and principles.
Question: How can this be analyzed?
Theos: For a start, there are two distinct entities in man: the spiritual and the physical; the man who thinks, and the man who takes into his memory as many of these thoughts as he can. Therefore, we divide him into two entities: the upper or spiritual entity, composed of three “principles” or aspects; and the lower or physical tetrad, which consists of four entities — making seven in all.
The sevenfold nature of man.
Question: Is this classification not along the same lines as the saying that man consists of spirit, soul and body?
Theos.: That is not the case. This is the old Platonic division. Plato was an initiate, and therefore could not go into the forbidden details; but anyone familiar with the old teaching will find the “seven” in Plato's various combinations regarding soul and spirit. He regards man as consisting of two parts, one eternal, formed from the same essence as the Absolute, and one mortal and imperishable, which has its various components from the “created” gods. Man, in his sense, is composed of 1) the mortal body; 2) an immortal principle; and 3) a “separate mortal kind of soul”. This is equivalent to the theosophical division into the physical human being, the spiritual soul or spirit (nous) and the animal soul (psyche). This is the division that was also adopted by Paul, another initiate, who asserts that there is a psychic body, consisting of a perishable (astral or psychic body) and a spiritual body, based on an indestructible entity. James (III, 15) also explains the same thing, saying that the “wisdom” (of our lower soul) does not come from above, but is earthly, “psychic,” “demonic” (cf. the Greek text), while the other is a heavenly wisdom. The matter is made completely clear by the fact that Plato and Pythagoras, while speaking only of three “principles,” nevertheless indicate seven separate functions, in their various combinations. The following table is intended to sketch out the seven members of human nature:
Sanskrit term | Common terms | Explanation | |
---|---|---|---|
The lower fourfold | a) Rupa or Sthuhla Sharira | a) Physical body | a) This is the carrier of all the other principles during life. |
b) Prana | b) Life or vital principle | b) Is necessary only for a c d and the functions of the lower Manas, which includes everything that is conditioned by the physical brain. | |
c) Linga Sharira | c) Astral body | c) The double or shadow of the physical body. | |
d) Kama Rupa | d) The seat of animal desires and passions | d) This is the center of the animal man, where the boundary lies between the mortal man and the immortal being. | |
The upper immortal trinity | e) Manas - twofold principle in its functions | e) Mind, intelligence; the higher faculty of knowledge, the light or radiance sent by the Monad to mortal man during his lifetime. | e) The future state and karmic destiny of man depends on whether his manas tends more downward to kama rupa, the seat of animal passions, or upward to budhi, the spiritual “I”. In the latter case, the higher consciousness of the spiritual aspirations of the manas is united with Budhi and forms that “I” that enters into the “devahanic bliss”. |
f) Budhi | f) The spiritual soul | f) The carrier of pure spiritual souls. | |
g) Atma | g) Spirit | g) One with the Absolute, as its emanation. |
In Sinnett's “Esoteric Buddhism”, d), e) and f) are mentioned: animal, human and spiritual soul, which is probably possible. Although the principles are numbered in “Esoteric Buddhism”, strictly speaking, it is useless. The two-part monad (Atma-Budhi) alone may be assigned the two highest numbers (6 and 7). Of the others, the principle that must be considered the first is the one that predominates in a person. A general rule of classification is impossible. In some people, the higher intelligence or manas (the 5th) dominates the other principles, in others the animal soul (kama rupa), which often manifests itself in lower instincts, etc.
And what does Plato teach? He speaks of the inner man as consisting of two parts, one imperishable and always constant, formed from the same essence as the Godhead, and one mortal and perishable. These two parts can be recognized in the upper trinity and the lower tetrad of the above table. He explains that when the soul (psyche) unites with the “nous” (the divine spirit),6Paul calls Plato's “nous” spirit; but with this spirit, Budhi and not Atma is meant; because the latter cannot philosophically be called a particular “substance” in any sense. The Atma is considered to be one of the human principles; but in reality it is the absolute spirit, and Budhi is its vehicle. If it unites with the Atma, it accomplishes everything correctly and blissfully; if, on the other hand, it unites with Anoia (the unreasoning animal soul) (the Käma Rüpa or “animal soul” in “Esoteric Buddhism” ism), she is heading for her own destruction, as far as the personal “I” in Betraun is concerned; if she goes together with the “nous” (Atma-Budhi), she becomes an immortal, imperishable “I”, and then the spiritual consciousness of the personal “I” is the one that becomes immortal.
The difference between soul and spirit.
Question: Does Theosophy really teach the annihilation of personality, as some spiritualists and French spiritists say?
Theos.: It does not teach that. The opponents have brought this nonsensical accusation because this question of duality - individuality of the divine “self” and personality of the lower man - makes it, as already explained, necessary to deny that the real immortal “self” can appear in “sessions” as a materialized “spirit”.
Frag.: It was claimed that the soul is heading towards its complete dissolution as soon as it unites with Anoia. What do Plato and Theosophy mean by this? Theos.: This refers to the complete annihilation of “personal” consciousness, which only occurs in exceptional and rare cases, as can be assumed. The general and fairly immutable rule is that the personal is absorbed into the individual or immortal consciousness of the “self”, which is a transformation or divine transfiguration, and only for the lower “four” does it mean annihilation. Can anyone expect that the human being in the flesh (as a temporary personality) can always live with the spiritual “self” his shadow image (the astral), his animal instincts and even the physical life, and perhaps even become immortal? Naturally, all this ceases to exist, either immediately or soon after death. In time it is completely dissolved and disappears from view, being destroyed as a whole.
Frag.: So Theosophy rejects the resurrection of the body?
Theos.: It does so most emphatically. How could it, believing in the ancient esoteric doctrine, accept the unphilosophical speculations of later Christian theologians, derived from the Egyptian and Greek exoteric teachings?
Frag.: The Egyptians worshiped nature spirits and even deified the onion; the Hindus are idolaters to this day; the Zoroastrians worshiped and still worship the sun, and even the best Greek philosophers were either dreamers or materialists, like Plato and Democritus. How can a unified doctrine be obtained from all this by comparison?
Theos.: This may be the way it is presented in modern theological and even scientific catechisms; but for the unbiased observer, it is quite the opposite. The Egyptians worshipped the “only All-One” as “Nout”; and Anaxagoras derived his name “Nous” from this word; or, as he expresses it, νοῦς αὐτοκρατής, the “spirit or self-forming entity”, ἀρχή τῆς κιήσεως, “the driving primal force” or the “first mover” of the universe. For him, the “nous” was God, and the “logos” became man, its radiance. This “nous” is the spirit (either in the cosmos or in man) and the “logos”, either as the universe or as an astral body, is the radiance of the former, but the physical body is purely animal. Our external powers perceive phenomena; only our “nous” is capable of recognizing the noumena. It is only the “logos”, or the noumenon, that survives because it is immortal in its true nature and essence, and the “logos” in man is the eternal “self”, that which repeatedly embodies itself and ultimately remains alone. But how can the fleeting, external shadow, the temporary shell of divine radiance, which returns again and again to its origin, be the one that is indestructible?
Frag.: But Theosophy can hardly escape the accusation of having invented a new classification of the spiritual and psychological components of man; for no philosopher speaks in a similar way, although it is believed that Plato does.
Theos.: But this belief can be supported. Not only Plato, but also Pythagoras have the same division.7“Plato and Pythagoras,” says Plutarch, “divide the soul into two parts, the rational (no& ) and the part without reason (agnoia); the part of the soul that is endowed with reason is eternal, for although it is not God, it is nevertheless the product of an eternal divinity; but the part without reason (agnoia) dies.” The modern term ‘agnostic’ comes from ‘a-gnosticos,’ a word related to agnoia. It is surprising that Huxley, the creator of this word, allowed his insight to be blinded by the part of the soul that dies. This is an exaggerated humility of modern materialism. He describes the soul as a self-moving unit (monad), composed of three elements, the “nous” (spirit), the “phren” (intellect) and the thymos (life, breath or nephesh of the Kabbalists), which three correspond to our Atma-Budhi (the higher soul), the Manas (Self) and the Käma Rüpa in connection with the lower reflection of the Manas. What the ancient Greek philosophers generally call the soul is referred to in Theosophy as the mind or spiritual soul, budhi, as the carrier of Atma – the “Agathon”, or Plato's highest divinity. The fact that Pythagoras and others assume that “phren” and “thymos” are common to man and animals shows that they mean the lower manasic reflection (instinct) and Käma Rüpa (the animal passions). And since Socrates and Plato assumed and followed this kind of connection, it can easily be proved that of the five elements – “agathon” (divine self or Atma), “psyche” (soul in the collective sense), “nous” (spirit), “phren” (physical intellect kt) and thymos (Käma Rüpa) (or passions), to which are added the “eidolon” of the mysteries (the shadow form of man) and the physical body — it can easily be proved that the ideas of Pythagoras and Plato agree with the theosophical ones. The Egyptians also adhered to the sevenfold division. They said that after death the soul (the self) had to pass through seven chambers or principles, those that lay behind it and those that lay before it. The only difference is that, mindful of the death penalty for betraying the mysteries, they only gave the broad outlines of the teaching, while theosophy elaborates the details. But although so much is given to the world today by law, some details of the teaching must still be withheld, known only to those who study esoteric philosophy and pledge themselves to silence.
The Greek teachings
Question: There are excellent scholars of Greek, Latin, Sanskrit and Hebrew. How is it that nothing can be found in their translations that could lead to what the Theosophists say?
Theos.: Because, notwithstanding their great learning, these translators have made of the philosophers, especially the Greek ones, nebulous instead of mystical writers. Take Plutarch, for example, and read what he says about the principles of man. What he says has been taken literally and attributed to metaphysical superstition and ignorance. An example is given:
"Man is composed; and those are mistaken who assume that he consists of only two parts. For they imagine that the mind (brain-intellect) is a part of the soul (the upper trinity); but in this they err no less than if they made the soul a part of the body (meaning those who make the triad a part of the mortal tetrad). For the mind (nous) is above the soul as much as the soul is above the body. The connection of soul (psyche) with the mind (nous) makes reason; and with the body (or thymos, the animal soul) makes passion. Of these, one is the beginning or principle of pleasure and suffering, the other of virtue and vice. Of these three combined parts, the earth provides the body, the moon the soul and the sun the mind for human development.
The last saying is purely allegorical and can only be understood by those who grasp it in terms of esoteric science, which teaches the relationships that exist between each planet and each principle. Plutarch divides the principles into three groups, and makes of the body an assemblage of physical foundation, astral shadow, and breath, or the three nether parts, which are “taken from the earth and return to the earth”; he further distinguishes the middle principle or instinct soul , the second part, derived from and influenced by the Moon; 88 The Kabbalists, knowing the relation of Jehovah, the giver of life and children, to the Moon and the influence of the latter on reproduction, think this point as well as the astrologers. and only from the highest part or spiritual soul (Budhi), which contains the atmical and manasical element, does he make an immediate emanation of the sun; therefore this part here stands for “Agathon” or the higher divine. This is proven by his following words:
"Now we die in the following way, one death makes a duality out of the triad of man, the other a unity out of the duality. The first is subject to the region and law of Demeter, which is why the name of the mystery τελείν resembles that of the death τελευτᾶν. Therefore the Athenians called the deceased “dedicated to Demeter”. Likewise, the other death belongs to the moon or the region of Persephone.
This is entirely in line with the theosophical doctrine, which assumes a seven-part human being during life; a five-part one immediately after death in Kamaloka; and a trinity of self, spirit-soul and consciousness in the devahan. This division, first in the “realm of Hades,” as Plutarch calls Kamaloka, then in Devahan, was part of the demonstrations during the Sacred Mysteries, when the candidates for initiation went through the whole drama of death and experienced the resurrection as a glorified spirit, by which name “consciousness” is meant. This is what Plutarch says:
“And just as he inhabits the one, the earthly, so Hermes also inhabits the other, the heavenly. He suddenly and with a violent earthquake separates the soul from the body; but Proserpina gently and over a long period separates the mind from the soul.9Proserpina or Persephone stands here for the karma that exists after death, which is called upon to effect the separation of the lower from the higher “principles” , the soul as “nephesh”, which remains for some time in Kama-Loka, from the higher “self”, which passes into the state of bliss “Devahan”. For this reason she is calledFor those who have lived unjustly and reprehensibly suffer the punishment for their transgressions; but the good and virtuous will remain there until they are purified and purified by expiation from all the infections they have absorbed through their connection with the body, they live in the mildest part of the region, which is called the “fields of Hades”. And then, when they return from pilgrimage or exile in that region, they have a feeling of joy, such as is felt in principle by those who are initiated into the sacred mysteries, mixed with reverence, admiration, and a hope peculiar to each individual."
That is Nirvanic beatitude, and no theosophist could describe in a fully valid esoteric language the spiritual joys of the devahan, where man has his paradise around him, as he creates it through his own consciousness. But one must beware of a common error into which many theosophists fall. We must not imagine that because man is said to be septenary, then pentadic, then triadic, he is composed of seven, five or three entities; or even, as a theosophical writer puts it, of layers like those of an onion. The “principles”, as already stated, are simply modes or states of consciousness, except for the body, life and astral shadow, which disappear at death. There is only one unified man in reality, who remains constant throughout the entire cycle of life and who is immortal in essence, if not in form, and that is Manas, the “spirit-self” or embodied consciousness. The objection raised by the materialists, who deny the possibility of spirit and consciousness being active without matter, is irrelevant in our case. The validity of their view should not be denied; but they should simply be asked: “Are you aware of all the states of matter, since you only know something about three?” “And how do you know that what is called absolute consciousness or divinity in Theosophy, which is forever called invisible and unknowable, is not present after all, and although it is beyond the reach of limited human knowledge, yet as a general spirit-matter or matter-spirit in its absolute infinity it still exists?” It is then one of the lower species of this spirit-matter, appearing in its manvantaric manifestation as a broken ray, which creates in the conscious ego a paradise of its own, which may sometimes be a fool's paradise, as a state of bliss.
Question: But what is Devahan? Theos: Literally, “the land of the gods”; a state of spiritual bliss. Philosophically, a spiritual state similar to a dream, only far more vivid and real than the most vivid dream. It is the state after death for most mortals.