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H. P. Blavatsky's, “The Key to Theosophy”
GA 41b

H. P. Blavatsky
[adapted from the online text provided by the Theosophical Society, Pasadena

XIII. On the Misconceptions about the Theosophical Society

Theosophy and Asceticism

Enq. I have heard people say that your rules require all members to be vegetarians, celibates, and rigid ascetics; but you have not told me anything of the sort yet. Can you tell me the truth once for all about this?

Theo. The truth is that our rules require nothing of the kind. The Theosophical Society does not even expect, far less require of any of its members that they should be ascetics in any way, except — if you call that asceticism — that they should try and benefit other people and be unselfish in their own lives.

Enq. But still many of your members are strict vegetarians, and openly avow their intention of remaining unmarried. This, too, is most often the case with those who take a prominent part in connection with the work of your Society.

Theo. That is only natural, because most of our really earnest workers are members of the Inner Section of the Society, which I told you about before.

Enq. Oh! then you do require ascetic practices in that Inner Section?

Theo. No; we do not require or enjoin them even there; but I see that I had better give you an explanation of our views on the subject of asceticism in general, and then you will understand about vegetarianism and so on.

Enq. Please proceed.

Theo. As I have already told you, most people who become really earnest students of Theosophy, and active workers in our Society, wish to do more than study theoretically the truths we teach. They wish to know the truth by their own direct personal experience, and to study Occultism with the object of acquiring the wisdom and power, which they feel that they need in order to help others, effectually and judiciously, instead of blindly and at haphazard. Therefore, sooner or later, they join the Inner Section.

Enq. But you said that "ascetic practices" are not obligatory even in that Inner Section?

Theo. No more they are; but the first thing which the members learn there is a true conception of the relation of the body, or physical sheath, to the inner, the true man. The relation and mutual interaction between these two aspects of human nature are explained and demonstrated to them, so that they soon become imbued with the supreme importance of the inner man over the outer case or body. They are taught that blind unintelligent asceticism is mere folly; that such conduct as that of St. Labro which I spoke of before, or that of the Indian Fakirs and jungle ascetics, who cut, burn and macerate their bodies in the most cruel and horrible manner, is simply self-torture for selfish ends, i.e., to develop will-power, but is perfectly useless for the purpose of assisting true spiritual, or Theosophic, development.

Enq. I see, you regard only moral asceticism as necessary. It is as a means to an end, that end being the perfect equilibrium of the inner nature of man, and the attainment of complete mastery over the body with all its passions and desires?

Theo. Just so. But these means must be used intelligently and wisely, not blindly and foolishly; like an athlete who is training and preparing for a great contest, not like the miser who starves himself into illness that he may gratify his passion for gold.

Enq. I understand now your general idea; but let us see how you apply it in practice. How about vegetarianism, for instance?

Theo. One of the great German scientists has shown that every kind of animal tissue, however you may cook it, still retains certain marked characteristics of the animal which it belonged to, which characteristics can be recognised. And apart from that, every one knows by the taste what meat he is eating. We go a step farther, and prove that when the flesh of animals is assimilated by man as food, it imparts to him, physiologically, some of the characteristics of the animal it came from. Moreover, occult science teaches and proves this to its students by ocular demonstration, showing also that this "coarsening" or "animalizing" effect on man is greatest from the flesh of the larger animals, less for birds, still less for fish and other cold-blooded animals, and least of all when he eats only vegetables.

Enq. Then he had better not eat at all?

Theo. If he could live without eating, of course it would. But as the matter stands, he must eat to live, and so we advise really earnest students to eat such food as will least clog and weight their brains and bodies, and will have the smallest effect in hampering and retarding the development of their intuition, their inner faculties and powers.

Enq. Then you do not adopt all the arguments which vegetarians in general are in the habit of using?

Theo. Certainly not. Some of their arguments are very weak, and often based on assumptions which are quite false. But, on the other hand, many of the things they say are quite true. For instance, we believe that much disease, and especially the great predisposition to disease which is becoming so marked a feature in our time, is very largely due to the eating of meat, and especially of tinned meats. But it would take too long to go thoroughly into this question of vegetarianism on its merits; so please pass on to something else.

Enq. One question more. What are your members of the Inner Section to do with regard to their food when they are ill?

Theo. Follow the best practical advice they can get, of course. Don't you grasp yet that we never impose any hard-and-fast obligations in this respect? Remember once for all that in all such questions we take a rational, and never a fanatical, view of things. If from illness or long habit a man cannot go without meat, why, by all means let him eat it. It is no crime; it will only retard his progress a little; for after all is said and done, the purely bodily actions and functions are of far less importance than what a man thinks and feels, what desires he encourages in his mind, and allows to take root and grow there.

Enq. Then with regard to the use of wine and spirits, I suppose you do not advise people to drink them?

Theo. They are worse for his moral and spiritual growth than meat, for alcohol in all its forms has a direct, marked, and very deleterious influence on man's psychic condition. Wine and spirit drinking is only less destructive to the development of the inner powers, than the habitual use of hashish, opium, and similar drugs.

Theosophy and Marriage

Enq. Now to another question; must a man marry or remain a celibate?

Theo. It depends on the kind of man you mean. If you refer to one who intends to live in the world, one who, even though a good, earnest Theosophist, and an ardent worker for our cause, still has ties and wishes which bind him to the world, who, in short, does not feel that he has done for ever with what men call life, and that he desires one thing and one thing only — to know the truth, and to be able to help others — then for such a one I say there is no reason why he should not marry, if he likes to take the risks of that lottery where there are so many more blanks than prizes. Surely you cannot believe us so absurd and fanatical as to preach against marriage altogether? On the contrary, save in a few exceptional cases of practical Occultism, marriage is the only remedy against immorality.

Enq. But why cannot one acquire this knowledge and power when living a married life?

Theo. My dear sir, I cannot go into physiological questions with you; but I can give you an obvious and, I think, a sufficient answer, which will explain to you the moral reasons we give for it. Can a man serve two masters? No! Then it is equally impossible for him to divide his attention between the pursuit of Occultism and a wife. If he tries to, he will assuredly fail in doing either properly; and, let me remind you, practical Occultism is far too serious and dangerous a study for a man to take up, unless he is in the most deadly earnest, and ready to sacrifice all, himself first of all, to gain his end. But this does not apply to the members of our Inner Section. I am only referring to those who are determined to tread that path of discipleship which leads to the highest goal. Most, if not all of those who join our Inner Section, are only beginners, preparing themselves in this life to enter in reality upon that path in lives to come.

Theosophy and Education

Enq. One of your strongest arguments for the inadequacy of the existing forms of religion in the West, as also to some extent the materialistic philosophy which is now so popular, but which you seem to consider as an abomination of desolation, is the large amount of misery and wretchedness which undeniably exists, especially in our great cities. But surely you must recognise how much has been, and is being done to remedy this state of things by the spread of education and the diffusion of intelligence.

Theo. The future generations will hardly thank you for such a "diffusion of intelligence," nor will your present education do much good to the poor starving masses.

Enq. Ah! but you must give us time. It is only a few years since we began to educate the people.

Theo. And what, pray, has your Christian religion been doing ever since the fifteenth century, once you acknowledge that the education of the masses has not been attempted till now — the very work, if ever there could be one, which a Christian, i. e., a Christ-following church and people, ought to perform?

Enq. Well, you may be right; but now —

Theo. Just let us consider this question of education from a broad standpoint, and I will prove to you that you are doing harm not good, with many of your boasted improvements. The schools for the poorer children, though far less useful than they ought to be, are good in contrast with the vile surroundings to which they are doomed by your modern Society. The infusion of a little practical Theosophy would help a hundred times more in life the poor suffering masses than all this infusion of (useless) intelligence.

Enq. But, really —

Theo. Let me finish, please. You have opened a subject on which we Theosophists feel deeply, and I must have my say. I quite agree that there is a great advantage to a small child bred in the slums, having the gutter for playground, and living amid continued coarseness of gesture and word, in being placed daily in a bright, clean school-room hung with pictures, and often gay with flowers. There it is taught to be clean, gentle, orderly; there it learns to sing and to play; has toys that awaken its intelligence; learns to use its fingers deftly; is spoken to with a smile instead of a frown; is gently rebuked or coaxed instead of cursed. All this humanises the children, arouses their brains, and renders them susceptible to intellectual and moral influences. The schools are not all they might be and ought to be; but, compared with the homes, they are paradises; and they slowly are re-acting on the homes. But while this is true of many of the Board schools, your system deserves the worst one can say of it.

Enq. So be it; go on.

Theo. What is the real object of modern education? Is it to cultivate and develop the mind in the right direction; to teach the disinherited and hapless people to carry with fortitude the burden of life (allotted them by Karma); to strengthen their will; to inculcate in them the love of one's neighbour and the feeling of mutual interdependence and brotherhood; and thus to train and form the character for practical life? Not a bit of it. And yet, these are undeniably the objects of all true education. No one denies it; all your educationalists admit it, and talk very big indeed on the subject. But what is the practical result of their action? Every young man and boy, nay, every one of the younger generation of schoolmasters will answer: "The object of modern education is to pass examinations," a system not to develop right emulation, but to generate and breed jealousy, envy, hatred almost, in young people for one another, and thus train them for a life of ferocious selfishness and struggle for honours and emoluments instead of kindly feeling.

Enq. I must admit you are right there.

Theo. And what are these examinations — the terror of modern boyhood and youth? They are simply a method of classification by which the results of your school teaching are tabulated. In other words, they form the practical application of the modern science method to the genus homo, qua intellection. Now "science" teaches that intellect is a result of the mechanical interaction of the brain-stuff; therefore it is only logical that modern education should be almost entirely mechanical — a sort of automatic machine for the fabrication of intellect by the ton. Very little experience of examinations is enough to show that the education they produce is simply a training of the physical memory, and, sooner or later, all your schools will sink to this level. As to any real, sound cultivation of the thinking and reasoning power, it is simply impossible while everything has to be judged by the results as tested by competitive examinations. Again, school training is of the very greatest importance in forming character, especially in its moral bearing. Now, from first to last, your modern system is based on the so-called scientific revelations: "The struggle for existence" and the "survival of the fittest." All through his early life, every man has these driven into him by practical example and experience, as well as by direct teaching, till it is impossible to eradicate from his mind the idea that "self," the lower, personal, animal self, is the end-all, and be-all, of life. Here you get the great source of all the after-misery, crime, and heartless selfishness, which you admit as much as I do. Selfishness, as said over and over again, is the curse of humanity, and the prolific parent of all the evils and crimes in this life; and it is your schools which are the hot-beds of such selfishness.

Enq. That is all very fine as generalities, but I should like a few facts, and to learn also how this can be remedied.

Theo. Very well, I will try and satisfy you. There are three great divisions of scholastic establishments, board, middle-class and public schools, running up the scale from the most grossly commercial to the idealistic classical, with many permutations and combinations. The practical commercial begets the modern side, and the ancient and orthodox classical reflects its heavy respectability even as far as the School Board pupil teacher's establishments. Here we plainly see the scientific and material commercial supplanting the effete orthodox and classical. Neither is the reason very far to seek. The objects of this branch of education are, then, pounds, shillings, and pence, the summum bonum of the XIXth century. Thus, the energies generated by the brain molecules of its adherents are all concentrated on one point, and are, therefore, to some extent, an organized army of educated and speculative intellects of the minority of men, trained against the hosts of the ignorant, simple-minded masses doomed to be vampirised, lived and sat upon by their intellectually stronger brethren. Such training is not only untheosophical, it is simply UNCHRISTIAN. Result: The direct outcome of this branch of education is an overflooding of the market with money-making machines, with heartless selfish men — animals — who have been most carefully trained to prey on their fellows and take advantage of the ignorance of their weaker brethren!

Enq. Well, but you cannot assert that of our great public schools, at any rate?

Theo. Not exactly, it is true. But though the form is different, the animating spirit is the same: untheosophical and unchristian, whether Eton and Harrow turn out scientists or divines and theologians.

Enq. Surely you don't mean to call Eton and Harrow "commercial"?

Theo. No. Of course the Classical system is above all things respectable, and in the present day is productive of some good. It does still remain the favourite at our great public schools, where not only an intellectual, but also a social education is obtainable. It is, therefore, of prime importance that the dull boys of aristocratic and wealthy parents should go to such schools to meet the rest of the young life of the "blood" and money classes. But unfortunately there is a huge competition even for entrance; for the moneyed classes are increasing, and poor but clever boys seek to enter the public schools by the rich scholarships, both at the schools themselves and from them to the Universities.

Enq. According to this view, the wealthier "dullards" have to work even harder than their poorer fellows?

Theo. It is so. But, strange to say, the faithful of the cult of the "Survival of the fittest" do not practice their creed; for their whole exertion is to make the naturally unfit supplant the fit. Thus, by bribes of large sums of money, they allure the best teachers from their natural pupils to mechanicalise their naturally unfit progeny into professions which they uselessly overcrowd.

Enq. And you attribute all this to what?

Theo. All this is owing to the perniciousness of a system which turns out goods to order, irrespective of the natural proclivities and talents of the youth. The poor little candidate for this progressive paradise of learning, comes almost straight from the nursery to the treadmill of a preparatory school for sons of gentlemen. Here he is immediately seized upon by the workmen of the materio-intellectual factory, and crammed with Latin, French and Greek Accidence, Dates and Tables, so that if he have any natural genius it is rapidly squeezed out of him by the rollers of what Carlyle has so well called "dead vocables."

Enq. But surely he is taught something besides "dead vocables," and much of that which may lead him direct to Theosophy, if not entirely into the Theosophical Society?

Theo. Not much. For of history, he will attain only sufficient knowledge of his own particular nation to fit him with a steel armour of prejudice against all other peoples, and be steeped in the foul cess-pools of chronicled national hate and blood-thirstiness; and surely, you would not call that — Theosophy?

Enq. What are your further objections?

Theo. Added to this is a smattering of selected, so-called, Biblical facts, from the study of which all intellect is eliminated. It is simply a memory lesson, the "Why" of the teacher being a "Why" of circumstances and not of reason.

Enq. Yes; but I have heard you congratulate yourself at the ever-increasing number of the Agnostics and Atheists in our day, so that it appears that even people trained in the system you abuse so heartily do learn to think and reason for themselves.

Theo. Yes; but it is rather owing to a healthy reaction from that system than due to it. We prefer immeasurably more in our Society Agnostics, and even rank Atheists, to bigots of whatever religion. An Agnostic's mind is ever opened to the truth; whereas the latter blinds the bigot like the sun does an owl. The best — i. e., the most truth-loving, philanthropic, and honest — of our Fellows were, and are, Agnostics and Atheists (disbelievers in a personal God). But there are no free-thinking boys and girls, and generally early training will leave its mark behind in the shape of a cramped and distorted mind. A proper and sane system of education should produce the most vigorous and liberal mind, strictly trained in logical and accurate thought, and not in blind faith. How can you ever expect good results, while you pervert the reasoning faculty of your children by bidding them believe in the miracles of the Bible on Sunday, while for the six other days of the week you teach them that such things are scientifically impossible?

Enq. What would you have, then?

Theo. If we had money, we would found schools which would turn out something else than reading and writing candidates for starvation. Children should above all be taught self-reliance, love for all men, altruism, mutual charity, and more than anything else, to think and reason for themselves. We would reduce the purely mechanical work of the memory to an absolute minimum, and devote the time to the development and training of the inner senses, faculties and latent capacities. We would endeavour to deal with each child as a unit, and to educate it so as to produce the most harmonious and equal unfoldment of its powers, in order that its special aptitudes should find their full natural development. We should aim at creating free men and women, free intellectually, free morally, unprejudiced in all respects, and above all things, unselfish. And we believe that much if not all of this could be obtained by proper and truly theosophical education.

Why, Then, is There So Much Prejudice Against the T. S.?

Enq. If Theosophy is even half of what you say, why should there exist such a terrible ill-feeling against it? This is even more of a problem than anything else.

Theo. It is; but you must bear in mind how many powerful adversaries we have aroused ever since the formation of our Society. As I just said, if the Theosophical movement were one of those numerous modern crazes, as harmless at the end as they are evanescent, it would be simply laughed at — as it is now by those who still do not understand its real purport — and left severely alone. But it is nothing of the kind. Intrinsically, Theosophy is the most serious movement of this age; and one, moreover, which threatens the very life of most of the time-honoured humbugs, prejudices, and social evils of the day — those evils which fatten and make happy the upper ten and their imitators and sycophants, the wealthy dozens of the middle classes, while they positively crush and starve out of existence the millions of the poor. Think of this, and you will easily understand the reason of such a relentless persecution by those others who, more observant and perspicacious, do see the true nature of Theosophy, and therefore dread it.

Enq. Do you mean to tell me that it is because a few have understood what Theosophy leads to, that they try to crush the movement? But if Theosophy leads only to good, surely you cannot be prepared to utter such a terrible accusation of perfidious heartlessness and treachery even against those few?

Theo. I am so prepared, on the contrary. I do not call the enemies we have had to battle with during the first nine or ten years of the Society's existence either powerful or "dangerous"; but only those who have arisen against us in the last three or four years. And these neither speak, write nor preach against Theosophy, but work in silence and behind the backs of the foolish puppets who act as their visible marionnettes. Yet, if invisible to most of the members of our Society, they are well known to the true "Founders" and the protectors of our Society. But they must remain for certain reasons unnamed at present.

Enq. And are they known to many of you, or to yourself alone?

Theo. I never said I knew them. I may or may not know them — but I know of them, and this is sufficient; and I defy them to do their worst. They may achieve great mischief and throw confusion into our ranks, especially among the faint-hearted, and those who can judge only by appearances. They will not crush the Society, do what they may. Apart from these truly dangerous enemies — "dangerous," however, only to those Theosophists who are unworthy of the name, and whose place is rather outside than within the T. S. — the number of our opponents is more than considerable.

Enq. Can you name these, at least, if you will not speak of the others?

Theo. Of course I can. We have to contend against (1) the hatred of the Spiritualists, American, English, and French; (2) the constant opposition of the clergy of all denominations; (3) especially the relentless hatred and persecution of the missionaries in India; (4) this led to the famous and infamous attack on our Theosophical Society by the Society for Psychical Research, an attack which was stirred up by a regular conspiracy organized by the missionaries in India. Lastly, we must count the defection of various prominent (?) members, for reasons I have already explained, all of whom have contributed their utmost to increase the prejudice against us.

Enq. Cannot you give me more details about these, so that I may know what to answer when asked — a brief history of the Society, in short; and why the world believes all this?

Theo. The reason is simple. Most outsiders knew absolutely nothing of the Society itself, its motives, objects or beliefs. From its very beginning the world has seen in Theosophy nothing but certain marvellous phenomena, in which two-thirds of the non-spiritualists do not believe. Very soon the Society came to be regarded as a body pretending to the possession of "miraculous" powers. The world never realised that the Society taught absolute disbelief in miracle or even the possibility of such; that in the Society there were only a few people who possessed such psychic powers and but few who cared for them. Nor did it understand that the phenomena were never produced publicly, but only privately for friends, and merely given as an accessory, to prove by direct demonstration that such things could be produced without dark rooms, spirits, mediums, or any of the usual paraphernalia. Unfortunately, this misconception was greatly strengthened and exaggerated by the first book on the subject which excited much attention in Europe — Mr. Sinnett's "Occult World." If this work did much to bring the Society into prominence, it attracted still more obloquy, derision and misrepresentation upon the hapless heroes and heroine thereof. Of this the author was more than warned in the Occult World, but did not pay attention to the prophecy — for such it was, though half-veiled.

Enq. For what, and since when, do the Spiritualists hate you?

Theo. From the first day of the Society's existence. No sooner the fact became known that, as a body, the T. S. did not believe in communications with the spirits of the dead, but regarded the so-called "spirits" as, for the most part, astral reflections of disembodied personalities, shells, etc., than the Spiritualists conceived a violent hatred to us and especially to the Founders. This hatred found expression in every kind of slander, uncharitable personal remarks, and absurd misrepresentations of the Theosophical teachings in all the American Spiritualistic organs. For years we were persecuted, denounced and abused. This began in 1875 and continues to the present day. In 1879, the headquarters of the T. S. were transferred from New York to Bombay, India, and then permanently to Madras. When the first branch of our Society, the British T. S., was founded in London, the English Spiritualists came out in arms against us, as the Americans had done; and the French Spiritists followed suit.

Enq. But why should the clergy be hostile to you, when, after all, the main tendency of the Theosophical doctrines is opposed to Materialism, the great enemy of all forms of religion in our day?

Theo. The Clergy opposed us on the general principle that "He who is not with me is against me." Since Theosophy does not agree with any one Sect or Creed, it is considered the enemy of all alike, because it teaches that they are all, more or less, mistaken. The missionaries in India hated and tried to crush us because they saw the flower of the educated Indian youth and the Brahmins, who are almost inaccessible to them, joining the Society in large numbers. And yet, apart from this general class hatred, the T. S. counts in its ranks many clergymen, and even one or two bishops.

Enq. And what led the S. P. R. to take the field against you? You were both pursuing the same line of study, in some respects, and several of the Psychic Researchers belonged to your society.

Theo. First of all we were very good friends with the leaders of the S. P. R.; but when the attack on the phenomena appeared in the Christian College Magazine, supported by the pretended revelations of a menial, the S. P. R. found that they had compromised themselves by publishing in their "Proceedings" too many of the phenomena which had occurred in connection with the T. S. Their ambition is to pose as an authoritative and strictly scientific body; so that they had to choose between retaining that position by throwing overboard the T. S. and even trying to destroy it, and seeing themselves merged, in the opinion of the Sadducees of the grand monde, with the "credulous" Theosophists and Spiritualists. There was no way for them out of it, no two choices, and they chose to throw us overboard. It was a matter of dire necessity for them. But so hard pressed were they to find any apparently reasonable motive for the life of devotion and ceaseless labour led by the two Founders, and for the complete absence of any pecuniary profit or other advantage to them, that our enemies were obliged to resort to the thrice-absurd, eminently ridiculous, and now famous "Russian spy theory," to explain this devotion. But the old saying, "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church," proved once more correct. After the first shock of this attack, the T. S. doubled and tripled its numbers, but the bad impression produced still remains. A French author was right in saying, "Calomniez, calomniez toujours et encore, il en restera toujours quelque chose." Therefore it is, that unjust prejudices are current, and that everything connected with the T. S., and especially with its Founders, is so falsely distorted, because based on malicious hearsay alone.

Enq. Yet in the 14 years during which the Society has existed, you must have had ample time and opportunity to show yourselves and your work in their true light?

Theo. How, or when, have we been given such an opportunity? Our most prominent members had an aversion to anything that looked like publicly justifying themselves. Their policy has ever been: "We must live it down;" and "What does it matter what the newspapers say, or people think?" The Society was too poor to send out public lecturers, and therefore the expositions of our views and doctrines were confined to a few Theosophical works that met with success, but which people often misunderstood, or only knew of through hearsay. Our journals were, and still are, boycotted; our literary works ignored; and to this day no one seems even to feel quite certain whether the Theosophists are a kind of Serpent-and-Devil worshippers, or simply "Esoteric Buddhists" — whatever that may mean. It was useless for us to go on denying, day after day and year after year, every kind of inconceivable cock-and-bull stories about us; for, no sooner was one disposed of, than another, a still more absurd and malicious one, was born out of the ashes of the first. Unfortunately, human nature is so constituted that any good said of a person is immediately forgotten and never repeated. But one has only to utter a calumny, or to start a story — no matter how absurd, false or incredible it may be, if only it is connected with some unpopular character — for it to be successful and forthwith accepted as a historical fact. Like Don Basilio's "CALUMNIA," the rumour springs up, at first, as a soft gentle breeze hardly stirring the grass under your feet, and arising no one knows whence; then, in the shortest space of time, it is transformed into a strong wind, begins to blow a gale, and forthwith becomes a roaring storm! A calumny among news, is what an octopus is among fishes; it sucks into one's mind, fastens upon our memory, which feeds upon it, leaving indelible marks even after the calumny has been bodily destroyed. A calumnious lie is the only masterkey that will open any and every brain. It is sure to receive welcome and hospitality in every human mind, the highest as the lowest, if only a little prejudiced, and no matter from however base a quarter and motive it has started.

Enq. Don't you think your assertion altogether too sweeping? The Englishman has never been over-ready to believe in anything said, and our nation is proverbially known for its love of fair play. A lie has no legs to stand upon for long, and —

Theo. The Englishman is as ready to believe evil as a man of any other nation; for it is human nature, and not a national feature. As to lies, if they have no legs to stand upon, according to the proverb, they have exceedingly rapid wings; and they can and do fly farther and wider than any other kind of news, in England as elsewhere. Remember lies and calumny are the only kind of literature we can always get gratis, and without paying any subscription. We can make the experiment if you like. Will you, who are so interested in Theosophical matters, and have heard so much about us, will you put me questions on as many of these rumours and "hearsays" as you can think of? I will answer you the truth, and nothing but the truth, subject to the strictest verification.

Enq. Before we change the subject, let us have the whole truth on this one. Now, some writers have called your teachings "immoral and pernicious"; others, on the ground that many so-called "authorities" and Orientalists find in the Indian religions nothing but sex-worship in its many forms, accuse you of teaching nothing better than Phallic worship. They say that since modern Theosophy is so closely allied with Eastern, and particularly Indian, thought, it cannot be free from this taint. Occasionally, even, they go so far as to accuse European Theosophists of reviving the practices connected with this cult. How about this?

Theo. I have heard and read about this before; and I answer that no more utterly baseless and lying calumny has ever been invented and circulated. "Silly people can see but silly dreams," says a Russian proverb. It makes one's blood boil to hear such vile accusations made without the slightest foundation, and on the strength of mere inferences. Ask the hundreds of honourable English men and women who have been members of the Theosophical Society for years whether an immoral precept or a pernicious doctrine was ever taught to them. Open the Secret Doctrine, and you will find page after page denouncing the Jews and other nations precisely on account of this devotion to Phallic rites, due to the dead letter interpretation of nature symbolism, and the grossly materialistic conceptions of her dualism in all the exoteric creeds. Such ceaseless and malicious misrepresentation of our teachings and beliefs is really disgraceful.

Enq. But you cannot deny that the Phallic element does exist in the religions of the East?

Theo. Nor do I deny it; only I maintain that this proves no more than does its presence in Christianity, the religion of the West. Read Hargrave Jenning's Rosicrucians, if you would assure yourself of it. In the East, the Phallic symbolism is, perhaps, more crude, because more true to nature, or, I would rather say, more naive and sincere than in the West. But it is not more licentious, nor does it suggest to the Oriental mind the same gross and coarse ideas as to the Western, with, perhaps, one or two exceptions, such as the shameful sect known as the "Maharajah," or Vallabhacharya sect.

Enq. A writer in the Agnostic journal — one of your accusers — has just hinted that the followers of this disgraceful sect are Theosophists, and "claim true Theosophic insight."

Theo. He wrote a falsehood, and that's all. There never was, nor is there at present, one single Vallabhacharya in our Society. As to their having, or claiming Theosophic insight, that is another fib, based on crass ignorance about the Indian Sects. Their "Maharajah" only claims a right to the money, wives and daughters of his foolish followers and no more. This sect is despised by all the other Hindus.

But you will find the whole subject dealt with at length in the Secret Doctrine, to which I must again refer you for detailed explanations. To conclude, the very soul of Theosophy is dead against Phallic worship; and its occult or esoteric section more so even than the exoteric teachings. There never was a more lying statement made than the above. And now ask me some other questions.

Is the Theosophical Society a Money-Making Concern?

Enq. Agreed. Well, have either of the Founders, Colonel H. S. Olcott or H. P. Blavatsky, ever made any money, profit, or derived any worldly benefit from the T. S., as some papers say?

Theo. Not one penny. The papers lie. On the contrary, they have both given all they had, and literally beggared themselves. As for "worldly benefits," think of the calumnies and vilification they have been subjected to, and then ask the question!

Enq. Yet I have read in a good many missionary organs that the entrance fees and subscriptions much more than covered all expenses; and one said that the Founders were making twenty thousand pounds a year!

Theo. This is a fib, like many others. In the published accounts of January, 1889, you will find an exact statement of all the money ever received from any source since 1879. The total received from all sources (entrance fees, donations, etc., etc.) during these ten years is under six thousand pounds, and of this a large part was contributed by the Founders themselves from the proceeds of their private resources and their literary work. All this has been openly and officially admitted, even by our enemies, the Psychic Research Society. And now both the Founders are penniless: one, too old and ill to work as she did before, unable to spare time for outside literary work to help the Society in money, can only write for the Theosophical cause; the other keeps labouring for it as before, and receives as little thanks for it.

Enq. But surely they need money to live?

Theo. Not at all. So long as they have food and lodging, even though they owe it to the devotion of a few friends, they need little more.

Enq. But could not Madame Blavatsky, especially, make more than enough to live upon by her writings?

Theo. When in India she received on the average some thousand rupees a year for articles contributed to Russian and other papers, but gave it all away to the Society.

Enq. Political articles?

Theo. Never. Everything she has written throughout the seven years of her stay in India is all there in print. It deals only with the religions, ethnology, and customs of India, and with Theosophy — never with politics, of which she knows nothing and cares less. Again, two years ago she refused several contracts amounting together to about 1,200 roubles in gold per month; for she could not accept them without abandoning her work for the Society, which needed all her time and strength. She has documents to prove it.

Enq. But why could not both she and Colonel Olcott do as others — notably many Theosophists — do: follow out their respective professions and devote the surplus of their time to the work of the Society?

Theo. Because by serving two masters, either the professional or the philanthropic work would have had to suffer. Every true Theosophist is morally bound to sacrifice the personal to the impersonal, his own present good to the future benefit of other people. If the Founders do not set the example, who will?

Enq. And are there many who follow it?

Theo. I am bound to answer you the truth. In Europe about half-a-dozen in all, out of more than that number of Branches.

Enq. Then it is not true that the Theosophical Society has a large capital or endowment of its own?

Theo. It is false, for it has none at all. Now that the entrance fee of £l and the small annual due have been abolished, it is even a doubtful question whether the staff at the head-quarters in India will not soon be starved to death.

Enq. Then why not raise subscriptions?

Theo. We are not the Salvation Army; we cannot and have never begged; nor have we ever followed the example of the Churches and sects and "taken up collections." That which is occasionally sent for the support of the Society, the small sums contributed by some devoted Fellows, are all voluntary donations.

Enq. But I have heard of large sums of money given to Mdme. Blavatsky. It was said four years ago that she got £5,000 from one rich, young "Fellow," who went out to join them in India, and £10,000 from another wealthy and well-known American gentleman, one of your members who died in Europe four years ago.

Theo. Say to those who told you this, that they either themselves utter, or repeat, a gross falsehood. Never has "Madame Blavatsky" asked or received ONE PENNY from the two above-named gentlemen, nor anything like that from anyone else, since the Theosophical Society was founded. Let any man living try to substantiate this calumny, and it will be easier for him to prove that the Bank of England is a bankrupt than that the said "Founder" has ever made any money out of Theosophy. These two calumnies have been started by two high-born ladies, belonging to the London aristocracy, and have been immediately traced and disproved. They are the dead bodies, the carcases of two inventions, which, after having been buried in the sea of oblivion, are once more raised on the surface of the stagnant waters of slander.

Enq. Then I have been told of several large legacies left to the T. S. One — some £8,000 — was left to it by some eccentric Englishman, who did not even belong to the Society. The other — £3,000 or £4,000 — were testated by an Australian F. T. S. Is this true?

Theo. I heard of the first; and I also know that, whether legally left or not, the T. S. has never profited by it, nor have the Founders ever been officially notified of it. For, as our Society was not then a chartered body, and thus had no legal existence, the Judge at the Court of Probate, as we were told, paid no attention to such legacy and turned over the sum to the heirs. So much for the first. As for the second, it is quite true. The testator was one of our devoted Fellows, and willed all he had to the T. S. But when the President, Colonel Olcott, came to look into the matter, he found that the testator had children whom he had disinherited for some family reasons. Therefore, he called a council, and it was decided that the legacy should be refused, and the moneys passed to the legal heirs. The Theosophical Society would be untrue to its name were it to profit by money to which others are entitled virtually, at any rate on Theosophical principles, if not legally.

Enq. Again, and I say this on the authority of your own journal, the Theosophist, there's a Rajah of India who donated to the Society 25,000 rupees. Have you not thanked him for his great bounty in the January Theosophist for 1888?

Theo. We have, in these words, "That the thanks of the Convention be conveyed to H. H. the Maharajah . . . for his promised munificent gift of Rupees 25,000 to the Society's Fund." The thanks were duly conveyed, but the money is still a "promise," and has never reached the Headquarters.

Enq. But surely, if the Maharajah promised and received thanks for his gift publicly and in print, he will be as good as his promise?

Theo. He may, though the promise is 18 months old. I speak of the present and not of the future.

Enq. Then how do you propose to go on?

Theo. So long as the T. S. has a few devoted members willing to work for it without reward and thanks, so long as a few good Theosophists support it with occasional donations, so long will it exist, and nothing can crush it.

Enq. I have heard many Theosophists speak of a "power behind the Society" and of certain "Mahatmas," mentioned also in Mr. Sinnett's works, that are said to have founded the Society, to watch over and protect it.

Theo. You may laugh, but it is so.

The Working Staff of The T. S

Enq. These men, I have heard, are great Adepts, Alchemists, and what not. If, then, they can change lead into gold and make as much money as they like, besides doing all kinds of miracles at will, as related in Mr. Sinnett's "Occult World," why do not they find you money, and support the Founders and the Society in comfort?

Theo. Because they did not found a "miracle club." Because the Society is intended to help men to develop the powers latent in them through their own exertions and merit. Because whatever they may or may not produce in the way of phenomena, they are not false coiners; nor would they throw an additional and very strong temptation on the path of members and candidates: Theosophy is not to be bought. Hitherto, for the past 14 years, not a single working member has ever received pay or salary from either the Masters or the Society.

Enq. Then are none of your workers paid at all?

Theo. Till now, not one. But as every one has to eat, drink, and clothe himself, all those who are without any means of their own, and devote their whole time to the work of the society, are provided with the necessaries of life at the Head-quarters at Madras, India, though these "necessaries" are humble enough, in truth! (See Rules at the end.) But now that the Society's work has increased so greatly and still goes on increasing (N. B., owing to slanders) in Europe, we need more working hands. We hope to have a few members who will henceforth be remunerated — if the word can be used in the cases in question. For every one of these Fellows, who are preparing to give all their time to the Society, are quitting good official situations with excellent prospects, to work for us at less than half their former salary.

Enq. And who will provide the funds for this?

Theo. Some of our Fellows who are just a little richer than the rest. The man who would speculate or make money on Theosophy would be unworthy to remain in our ranks.

Enq. But you must surely make money by your books, magazines, and other publications?

Theo. The Theosophist of Madras, alone among the magazines, pays a profit, and this has regularly been turned over to the Society, year by year, as the published accounts show. Lucifer is slowly but steadily ingulfing money, never yet having paid its expenses — thanks to its being boycotted by the pious booksellers and railway stalls. The Lotus, in France — started on the private and not very large means of a Theosophist, who has devoted to it his whole time and labour — has ceased to exist, owing to the same causes, alas! Nor does the New York Path pay its way, while the Revue Theosophique of Paris has only just been started, also from the private means of a lady-member. Moreover, whenever any of the works issued by the Theosophical Publishing Company in London do pay, the proceeds will be devoted to the service of the Society.

Enq. And now please tell me all you can about the Mahatmas. So many absurd and contradictory things are said about them, that one does not know what to believe, and all sorts of ridiculous stories become current.

Theo. Well may you call them "ridiculous!"

XIII. Über die Missverständnisse in Bezug auf die Theosophische Gesellschaft

Theosophie und Asketentum

Frag.: Es ist behauptet worden, dass die Regeln der Theosophischen Gesellschaft von allen Mitgliedern verlangen, dass sie Vegetarier, Zölibatäre und strenge Asketen werden; darüber ist bis jetzt gar nichts gesagt worden. Könnte nicht darüber ein für alle Mal etwas Bestimmtes gesagt werden?

Theos.: In Wahrheit fordern die Regeln nichts von dergleichen. Die Theosophische Gesellschaft erwartet nicht einmal, noch viel weniger fordert sie, dass irgend eines ihrer Mitglieder Asket in irgend einer Form werde, ausgenommen — wenn man dies Asketentum nennen wollte — dass es versuchen soll, gütig gegen andere Menschen zu sein, und im eigenen Leben die Selbstsucht abzulegen.

Frag.: Doch sind viele der Mitglieder strenge Vegetarier, und äußern öffentlich, dass ihre Absicht sei, nicht zu heiraten. Besonders ist das oft bei denen der Fall, die einen hervorragenden Anteil an der Arbeit der Gesellschaft nehmen.

Theos.: Das ist nur natürlich, weil die meisten wirklich ernste Arbeiter in der inneren Sektion der Gesellschaft sind, über die vorher gesprochen worden ist.

Frag.: Dann fordert also diese innere Sektion asketische Übungen?

Theos.: Nein; auch dort werden sie nicht verlangt; aber es wäre wohl besser, wenn hier eine allgemeine Auseinandersetzung über den Asketismus gegeben würde, dann wird auch alles über Vegetarismus u. dgl. klar werden.

Frag.: Das möge geschehen.

Theos.: Es ist bereits ausgesprochen worden, dass viele Menschen, die ernste Anhänger der Theosophie werden, und wirkliche Arbeiter in der Gesellschaft, mehr wünschen als das bloße theoretische Studium der Wahrheiten, die gelehrt werden. Sie wollen die Wahrheit durch eigene persönliche Erfahrung kennen lernen und den Okkultismus mit dem Ziele studieren, die Weisheit und Macht zu erwerben, die sie als notwendig fühlen um anderen zu helfen, wirksam und sachgemäß, anstatt in Blindheit und in Abhängigkeit vom Zufall. Daher suchen sie, früher oder später, die innere Sektion auf.

Frag.: Aber es ist doch gesagt worden, dass «asketische Übungen» nicht verbindlich seien, auch nicht in der inneren Sektion?

Theos.: Gewiss sind sie das nicht; aber das erste, was die Mitglieder da lernen, ist ein wahrer Begriff von den Beziehungen des Körpers, oder der physischen Umhüllung, zu dem innern, dem wahren Menschen. Die Beziehung und die Wechselwirkung dieser beiden Seiten der menschlichen Natur werden ihnen da auseinandergesetzt, sodass sie sich bald darüber klar werden, um wie viel wichtiger der innere Mensch ist als der äußere Leib. Sie erkennen da, dass unvernünftige Asketik die reine Torheit ist; dass solches Verhalten wie das des heil. Labre, von dem gesprochen worden ist, oder dasjenige der indischen Fakire und der Jungle-Asketen, die ihren Körper schneiden, brennen und quälen in der grausamsten und schrecklichsten Art — dass alles das nur Selbstquälerei aus selbstsüchtigen Gesichtspunkten ist, das ist, um Willenskräfte zu entwickeln. Aber dies ist vollkommen nutzlos für das spirituelle Leben oder für die theosophische Entwicklung.

Frag.: Man sieht, es wird nur moralischer Asketismus für notwendig gehalten. Es ist wie ein Mittel zu einem Ziel; und das Ziel ist das vollkommene Gleichgewicht der inneren Wesenheit des Menschen und die vollkommene Meisterschaft zu erringen über den Körper mit allen seinen Leidenschaften und Wünschen. Theos.: Es ist so. Aber dieses Mittel muss verständig und weise angewendet werden, nicht blind und töricht; es muss sein, wie bei der Erziehung des Athleten, der sich für einen großen Kampf vorbereitet, nicht wie bei dem Geizhals, der sich selbst krank macht aus seiner Leidenschaft zum Golde heraus.

Frag.: Daraus kann die allgemeine Idee verstanden werden; aber es fehlt noch, dass die Anwendung in der Praxis gezeigt werde. Es möge das in Bezug auf den Vegetarismus z.B. gezeigt werden.

Theos.: Einer der großen deutschen Gelehrten hat nachgewiesen, dass jede Art von tierischem Gewebe, wie immer man es auch kochen mag, doch sich gewisse Kennzeichen des Tieres bewahrt, zu dem es gehört, und diese Kennzeichen können angegeben werden. Außerdem kennt ein jeder nach dem Gefühle, welches Fleisch er isst. Nun gehe man einen Schritt weiter und begreife, dass wenn das Fleisch der Tiere durch den Menschen als Nahrung aufgenommen wird, es ihm physiologisch einige der Kennzeichen des Tieres mitteilt, von dem es herrührt. Außerdem lehrt und beweist die okkulte Wissenschaft dieses den Lernenden durch den Augenschein, indem sie ihnen auch zeigt, dass die «vertierende» Wirkung auf den Menschen grösser ist beim Fleische großer Tiere, geringer bei Vögeln, noch geringer bei Fischen und andern kaltblütigen Tieren, und am geringsten, wenn nur Vegetabilien gegessen werden.

Frag.: Dann wäre es ja am besten gar nichts zu essen? Theos.: Wenn man ohne zu essen leben könnte, wäre das der Fall. Aber wie die Dinge liegen, muss man essen um zu leben; deshalb wird den ernstlich Lernenden geraten, solche Nahrung zu sich zu nehmen, die Gehirn und Körper am wenigsten schwer macht, und die das geringste Hindernis bietet der Entwicklung der Intuition, der inneren Fähigkeiten und Kräfte.

Frag.: Dann betrachtet der Theosoph die Behauptungen der Vegetarier nicht als die seinigen?

Theos.: Sicherlich nicht. Einige ihrer Behauptungen sind sehr wenig wert, und nur zu oft auf ganz falschen Voraussetzungen auferbaut. Andrerseits sagen sie manche Dinge, die durchaus wahr sind. So scheint es durchaus richtig zu sein, dass viele Krankheiten, besonders viele Krankheitsanlagen in unserer Zeit mit dem Fleischgenuss zusammenhängen, besonders des in Zinnbüchsen aufbewahrten Fleisches. Aber es würde zu weit führen, ausführlich auf die Frage des Vegetarismus einzugehen; es möge anderes besprochen werden.

Frag.: Noch sei eine Frage gestellt: Was tun die Mitglieder der inneren Sektion mit Bezug auf ihre Nahrung, wenn sie krank sind?

Theos.: Sie folgen den besten praktischen Anweisungen, die ihnen zugänglich sind. Kann denn durchaus nicht begriffen werden, dass niemand in irgendeiner Beziehung eine Verpflichtung auferlegt wird? Man bedenke doch, dass in allen solchen Dingen die Theosophie einen vernünftigen, nicht einen fanatischen Standpunkt einnimmt. Wenn wegen Krankheit, oder langer Angewöhnung ein Mensch ohne Fleisch nicht sein kann, so möge er doch Fleisch essen. Es ist kein Verbrechen; es wird seinen Fortschritt nur wenig hemmen; denn nach allem, was gesagt worden ist, sind die rein körperlichen Handlungen und Verrichtungen weit weniger wichtig, als was der Mensch denkt und fühlt, was für Wünsche er in seiner Seele pflegt, und was er da sich einwurzeln lässt.

Frag.: Und mit Bezug auf den Gebrauch von Wein und Spirituosen ist zu vermuten, dass die Theosophie von ihm abrät?

Theos.: Sie sind schlechter für das moralische und geistige Wachstum als das Fleisch, denn Alkohol hat in all seinen Formen einen direkten, bedeutsamen Einfluss auf die Seelenverfassung eines Menschen. Wein, Spirituosen zu trinken, ist für die Entwicklung innerer Kräfte kaum viel weniger schädlich als der Gebrauch von Haschisch, Opium und ähnlichen Mitteln.

Theosophie und Verheiratung

Frag.: Nun möge zu einer andern Frage übergegangen werden; muss ein Mensch heiraten oder Zölibatär bleiben?

Theos.: Es hängt von der Art des Menschen ab, den man ins Auge fasst. Wenn man einen im Auge hat, der beabsichtigt, in der Welt zu leben, und welcher, obwohl er ein guter, ernster Theosoph ist, und ein wackerer Arbeiter für die theosophische Sache, doch Bande und Wünsche hat, die ihn an die Welt knüpfen, der, um es kurz zu sagen, nicht fühlt, dass er abgeschlossen hat für immer mit dem, was man Leben nennt, und dass er nur noch nach dem Einzigen Verlangen trägt: die Wahrheit zu erkennen, und im Stande zu sein, andern zu helfen — für einen solchen ist kein Grund vorhanden, nicht zu heiraten, wenn er es auf sich nehmen will, an diesem Glücksspiel sich zu beteiligen, in dem sich so viele schlechte wie gute Nummern finden. Sicherlich kann man die Theosophie nicht für so unsinnig halten und fanatisch, um zu glauben, dass sie gegen die Ehe unbedingt sei. Andrerseits, außer in wenigen Ausnahmefällen des praktischen Okkultismus, ist die Ehe das einzige Mittel gegen die Sittenlosigkeit.

Frag.: Aber warum sollten solche Kenntnisse und Kräfte nicht auch innerhalb der Ehe erreicht werden können?

Theos.: Es können hier gewisse physiologische Fragen nicht berührt werden; aber es kann eine deutliche, und wohl auch ausreichende Antwort gegeben werden, welche die anzuführenden moralischen Gründe enthält. Kann ein Mensch zweien Herren dienen? Nein! Er kann seine Aufmerksamkeit nicht teilen zwischen der Gefolgschaft gegenüber dem Okkultismus und dem Weibe. Wenn er es dennoch versucht, wird er sicherlich ein jedes mangelhaft tun; und man erinnere sich doch, dass der praktische Okkultismus ein zu ernstes und gefahrvolles Streben darstellt, als dass sich ihm ein Mensch widmen sollte, dem es nicht voller Ernst damit ist, und der für sein Ziel alles, vor allem sich selbst opfern will. Das aber findet keine Anwendung auf die Mitglieder der inneren Sektion. Es findet nur auf jene Anwendung, die den Pfad der Schülerschaft gehen wollen, der zu den höchsten Zielen führt. Die meisten, wenn nicht alle, welche der inneren Sektion angehören, sind nur Anfänger, die sich in dem gegenwärtigen Leben nur darauf vorbereiten, den Pfad in einem künftigen Leben zu betreten.

Theosophie und Erziehung

Frag.: Eine der wirksamsten Einwendungen gegen die Heilsamkeit der im Westen bestehenden Religionsformen, und auch gegen die materialistische Philosophie, die gegenwärtig so volkstümlich ist, scheint das zu sein, dass sie verantwortlich gemacht werden für die Trostlosigkeit des Elends, das in weiter Ausdehnung besteht, besonders in den großen Städten. Aber man müsste doch sicherlich anerkennen, dass vieles geschieht, um diesem Zustande abzuhelfen durch die Verbreitung von Bildung und durch Erziehungspflege.

Theos.: Die künftigen Geschlechter werden kaum für solche «Verbreitung der Bildung» dankbar sein, noch wird viel Gutes für die armen, elenden Massen getan durch die gegenwärtige Erziehung.

Frag.: Man gebe nur Zeit; es ist ja kaum einige Jahre her, seit mit solcher Volkserziehung begonnen worden ist.

Theos.: Und was hat denn die christliche Kirche seit dem 15. Jahrhundert eigentlich getan? Wenn doch zugegeben werden muss, wie wenig für die Volkserziehung bis jetzt getan worden ist. Wenn also das, was eine wahre christliche Kirche hätte tun müssen, erst jetzt begonnen werden muss?

Frag.: Es mag mit Bezug auf die Vergangenheit richtig sein — aber gegenwärtig — Theos.: Man betrachte doch nur einmal diese Erziehungsfrage auf einer breiteren Grundlage, und es kann bewiesen werden, dass keineswegs Gutes getan wird mit dem, was so gerühmt wird. Die Schulen für die armen Kinder sind, obgleich sie weniger gut sind als sie sein könnten, doch ein Segen im Verhältnis zu der schlimmen Umgebung, zu der sie verdammt sind durch die moderne Gesellschaft. Der Einfluss einer geringen Menge Theosophie würde hundertmal mehr fruchten für die armen leidenden Massen als aller Einfluss einer nutzlosen Verstandesbildung.

Frag.: Kann man das in Wirklichkeit behaupten?

Theos.: Man denke das nur einmal zu Ende. Damit ist ein Punkt berührt, den die Theosophen als einen besonders wichtigen empfinden, und er muss besonders deutlich besprochen werden. Man kann zugeben, dass es von großem Vorteil ist für ein kleines Kind, das in Schmutzhöhlen aufwächst und auf der Straße sich tummelt, und fortdauernd umgeben ist von Schmutz in Wort und Gebärde, wenn es täglich in eine geräumige, helle Schulstube kommen kann, in der Bilder hängen und Blumen sind. Da lehrt man es, rein, ordentlich, edel zu sein; da lernt es singen und spielen; es erhält etwas, was seinen Verstand weckt, lernt seine Finger richtig gebrauchen; man spricht mit Lächeln zu ihm, statt grollend, es wird zart ermahnt, statt gequält. Alles dies vermenschlicht die Kinder, lässt ihr Gehirn gedeihen, und macht sie empfänglich für verständige und moralische Einflüsse. Die Schulen sind nicht alle, was sie sein sollten; aber verglichen mit dem Hause, sind sie Paradiese; und sie beeinflussen auch nach und nach die Häuser. Aber während dies wahr ist mit Bezug auf die Schulen, so verdient doch das ganze Lebenssystem die schärfste Verurteilung.

Frag.: In welcher Richtung kann dies behauptet werden? Theos.: Welches ist das wirkliche Ziel der modernen Erziehung? Ist es, den Geist zu bilden und zu entwickeln in der ihm entsprechenden Richtung; zu lehren die Enterbten und Hilflosen, dass sie mit Starkmut die Lebensbürden tragen können, die ihnen vom Karma auferlegt werden; ihren Willen zu kräftigen; ihnen die Liebe zu den Mitmenschen einzuprägen und ihnen das Gefühl gegenseitigen Zusammengehörens zu geben in einem Bruderbunde; und ihnen so alle jene Charaktereigenschaften zu geben, deren sie im praktischen Leben bedürfen? Nichts davon ist der Fall. Und doch sind das unleugbar die wahren Erziehungsziele. Niemand leugnet dies; alle Erzieher geben es zu, und verwenden viele Worte auf diese Sache. Aber was ist der praktische Erfolg von alle dem? Jeder junge Mensch und Knabe, selbst jeder jüngere Schulmeister wird antworten: «Das Ziel der modernen Erziehung ist, im Examen zu bestehen», ein System, das nicht den echten Wettstreit anregt zwischen den jungen Menschen untereinander, sondern Eifersucht und Neid, sogar Hass, und so für ein Leben voll wilder Selbstsucht erzieht, für einen Kampf um Ehre, anstatt für gütiges Fühlen.

Frag.: Man muss die Berechtigung davon zugeben.

Theos.: Und was sind diese Prüfungen — der Schrecken der modernen Knaben und jungen Leute? Sie sind einfach eine Art, durch welche die Ergebnisse des in der Schule Gelernten aufgezeichnet werden. Mit andern Worten, sie bilden die praktische Anwendung der modernen wissenschaftlichen Methode auf die «Gattung Mensch», als eines intelligenten Wesens. Nun lehrt die Wissenschaft, dass der Verstand eine Wirkung mechanischer Vorgänge im Gehirn sei; daher ist es nur logisch, wenn die moderne Erziehung zumeist ganz mechanisch ist — eine Art von Automat, um den Verstand zentnerweise hervorzubringen. Eine nur geringe Erfahrung im Prüfungswesen genügt, um zu zeigen, dass alles, was diese Erziehung hervorbringt, nichts ist als eine Ausbildung des physischen Gedächtnisses, und dass früher oder später alle modernen Schulen auf diese Stufe herabsinken werden. Dabei ist eine wirklich gesunde Entwicklung der Gedankenkräfte und der Vernunft einfach unmöglich. Denn es muss alles nach den Ergebnissen beurteilt werden, die unter dem Druck der Prüfungen zu Stande kommen. Und doch ist der Einfluss der Schulerziehung von großem Einfluss auf die Bildung des Charakters, insbesondere in moralischer Beziehung. Aber es ist das ganze moderne Erziehungssystem auf solche wissenschaftliche Offenbarungen, wie den «Kampf ums Dasein» oder das «Überleben der Besten» begründet. Durch viele Jahre seiner Jugend wird jedem Menschen durch praktisches Beispiel, durch Erfahrung und Belehrung beigebracht, dass dies so sei, bis der Gedanke aus seiner Seele gar nicht mehr zu tilgen ist, dass das gewöhnliche «Ich», das niedere Selbst, der Ausgangspunkt und das Endziel alles Lebens sei. Hier ist die große Quelle alles späteren Elends, der Verbrechen, der herzlosen Selbstsucht zu suchen — das kann niemand leugnen. Selbstsucht ist, wie oft auseinandergesetzt worden ist, der Fluch der Menschheit, und der eigentliche Vater von allem Bösen und allen Verbrechen in diesem Leben; und die gegenwärtigen Schulen sind die Pflanzstätten dieses Selbstsinnes.

Frag.: Das kann im Allgemeinen gelten; können denn aber nicht einige wenige Tatsachen angegeben werden, wie dem abgeholfen werden soll?

Theos.: Oh, es möge versucht werden, etwas Befriedigendes nach dieser Richtung anzuführen. Es gibt drei Arten von Schulen, interne, mittlere, und öffentliche, die eine ganze Skala bilden von jenen angefangen, die den Interessen des Handels dienen, bis zu denen, welche für die idealistisch-klassischen Bestrebungen bestimmt sind, mit allen Zwischenstufen und entsprechenden Kombinationen. Die praktisch-kommerziellen bilden den eigentlichen Lebensinhalt, und die alten und klassischen spiegeln seine als ehrwürdig geltende Seite, aber nur innerhalb des Bereiches, in dem der Lehrer herrscht. Man kann sehen, wie die materiellen und kommerziellen Interessen überall die orthodoxen und klassischen in den Hintergrund drängen. Der Grund davon liegt nahe genug. Die Ziele dieses Zweiges der Erziehung sind: Pfunde, Schillinge und Pfennige, das «absolut-Gute» des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. So ist alle Tatkraft, welche von den Anhängern solcher Richtung innerhalb der Gehirnmoleküle erzeugt wird, lediglich auf den einen Punkt gerichtet, und darum werden sie ein solches Heer spekulativer Geister, eine Minorität von Menschen, bilden, die darauf hinerzogen sind, die Masse von unwissenden, ungebildeten Menschen zu beherrschen und auszubeuten. Das aber ist nicht nur eine untheosophische, sondern auch eine durchaus unchristliche Erziehung. Und das Resultat ist: Der unmittelbare Ausfluss solcher Erziehung ist eine Überflutung des Marktes mit Geld machenden Maschinen, mit herzlosen, selbstischen Menschen — welche sorgfältig dazu gebildet worden sind, ihre Mitmenschen zu übervorteilen und aus der Unwissenheit ihrer schwächeren Brüder Nutzen zu ziehen.

Frag.: Nun wohl; aber dieses kann doch von den großen öffentlichen Schulen nicht behauptet werden.

Theos.: Nicht durchaus, das ist wahr. Aber, obgleich die Form verschieden ist, der sie beherrschende Geist ist überall derselbe; untheosophisch und unchristlich, weder Eton noch Harrow lassen anders Gelehrte oder Theologen aus sich hervorgehen.

Frag.: Sicherlich aber kann nicht gemeint sein, dass Eton und Harrow «kommerziell» seien?

Theos.: Nein. Natürlich ist das klassische System vor allen Dingen ehrenwert, und es bringt in der Gegenwart manches Gute hervor. Es ist sicherlich noch immer der Günstling unserer höheren öffentlichen Schulen, wo man nicht nur eine intellektuelle, sondern auch eine soziale Erziehung erlangen kann. Es ist daher wichtig, dass die unbegabten Knaben der aristokratischen und wohlhabenden Eltern in solche Schulen gehen, um mit den jungen Leuten aus der «Blut- und Geldklasse» zusammenzukommen. Aber unglücklicherweise gibt es da einen zu großen Wettstreit; denn die geldbesitzenden Klassen sind im Wachstum, und auch arme, aber begabte Knaben suchen in öffentliche Schulen durch die reichen Stiftungen zu gelangen; und von da suchen sie den Zugang zu den Schulen und dann zu den Universitäten.

Frag.: In Gemäßheit dieser Behauptung müssten die reichen «Tröpfe» schwerer arbeiten als ihre ärmeren Genossen.

Theos.: So ist es. Aber, so seltsam es klingt, die Bekenner des Kultus vom «Überleben der Tüchtigsten» setzen ihren Glauben nicht in die Praxis um; denn all ihr Streben läuft darauf hinaus, zu bewirken, dass der von Natur Untaugliche den Tauglichen verdränge. So bringen sie, durch Geldbestechungen, die besten Lehrer dahin, dass diese sich von ihren naturgemäßen Zöglingen abwenden und die von Natur Untüchtigen in Berufe hineindrängen, zu denen sie keineswegs geeignet sind.

Frag.: Und welchen Tatsachen soll man alles dies zuschreiben?

Theos.: All dieses kommt lediglich von einem Lebenssystem, das sich von allem richtigen dadurch entfernt, dass es die natürlichen Anlagen und Fähigkeiten der Jugend unberücksichtigt lässt. Der arme kleine Kandidat für dieses Paradies des Fortschrittes kommt fast unmittelbar aus der Kinderstube in die Tretmühle einer Vorbereitungsschule für Männer. Hier wird er unmittelbar ergriffen durch die Werkleute der materiell-intellektuellen Fabrik und angefüllt mit lateinischen, französischen und griechischen Tatsachen, Daten und Tabellen, so dass, wenn er irgendwie natürliche Fähigkeiten haben sollte, dieselben so schnell als nur möglich ist verschwinden durch das, was Carlyle trefflich «tote Worte» genannt hat.

Frag.: Aber sicherlich wird ihm noch einiges andere beigebracht als nur «tote Worte», und vieles sogar von dem, was ihn zur Theosophie führen kann, wenn nicht sogar in die Theosophische Gesellschaft.

Theos.: Nicht viel. Denn von der Geschichte erlangt er nur eine Kenntnis von seiner besonderen Nation, die ihn ausstattet mit einer Stahlrüstung von Vorurteilen gegen alle andern Völker, und ihn mit bleibendem Nationalhass und Blutsfeindschaft beladet; und das kann doch unmöglich — Theosophie genannt werden?

Frag.: Was sind die weiteren Einwendungen?

Theos.: Zu all dem kommt nur noch eine Auswahl sogenannter biblischer Tatsachen hinzu, durch deren Studium aller Geist ausgetrieben wird. Es sind einfach Gedächtnis-Übungen, für deren Gründe der Lehrer durch die Umstände, und nicht durch die Vernunft bestimmt wird.

[Frag].: Ja; aber man kann gerade Theosophen sich selbst beglückwünschen hören zu der unaufhörlich zunehmenden Zahl von Agnostikern und Atheisten in unseren Tagen, so dass es doch scheint, dass das Volk in diesem System dazu geführt werde, sein eigenes Denken und seine Vernunft selbst zu gebrauchen.

Theos.: Ja; aber dies ist eher einer heilsamen Reaktion gegen das System als diesem selbst zu verdanken. Man muss in starkem Maße die Agnostiker, und sogar auch die Atheisten in unserer Gesellschaft, den Frömmlern irgendwelcher Religion vorziehen. Ein agnostischer Geist ist immer für die Wahrheit offen; während diese den Bigotten blendet wie die Sonne die Eule. Die besten — das ist die wahrheitsliebenden, menschenfreundlichen und ehrlichen — von unseren Genossen waren und sind Agnostiker und Atheisten, in dem Sinne, dass sie keinen Glauben haben an einen persönlichen Gott. Aber es gibt nicht freidenkende Knaben und Mädchen, und gewöhnlich verbleibt als Zeichen der frühen in gekennzeichnetem Sinn gehaltenen Erziehung das Schattenbild eines verstümmelten und verkrüppelten Geistes. Ein rechtes und gesundes Erziehungssystem müsste starke und freie Seelen hervorbringen, sorgsam gebildet im logischen und genauen Denken, nicht in blindem Glauben. Wie aber kann man gute Ergebnisse erwarten, wenn doch die Vernunft der Kinder so verkehrt wird, dass sie am Sonntag verhalten wird, an die Wunder der Bibel zu glauben, und an den sechs andern Tagen der Woche ihnen gelehrt wird, dass solche Dinge wissenschaftlich unmöglich seien?

Frag.: Was ist aber dagegen zu machen?

Theos.: Wenn die Theosophen Geld hätten, wollten sie Schulen gründen, die ein anderes hervorbrächten als lesende und schreibende Kandidaten des Darbens. Kinder sollten in gegenseitiger Selbstachtung belehrt werden, in der Liebe zu allen Menschen, im Altruismus, in wechselweisem Wohltun, und vor allem in selbständigem Denken. Es müsste das bloße Gedächtnisbilden auf ein Minimum begrenzt werden, und die Zeit der Entwicklung der inneren Sinne, Fähigkeiten und Kräfte gewidmet. Da müsste jedes Kind als eine Einheit behandelt werden, und dasselbe so erzogen, dass die Harmonie und die gleichmäßige Entfaltung der Kräfte sich ergibt, so dass die besonderen Anlagen ihre volle Entwicklung finden könnten. Es sollten freie Menschen erstehen durch solche Erziehung, intellektuell frei, moralisch frei, vorurteilsfrei in jeder Hinsicht, und vor allem: selbstlos. Und man darf glauben, dass vieles von diesem, wenn nicht alles durch eine wahre theosophische Erziehung erreicht werden kann.

Warum bestehen trotz alledem so viele Vorurteile gegen die Theosophische Gesellschaft?

Frag.: Wenn die Theosophie nur die Hälfte von dem ist, was man hier gesagt findet, warum bringt man ihr solches Missfallen entgegen? Das ist eine Frage, bedeutungsvoller als irgendeine andere.

Theos.: So ist es; aber es darf nicht außer Acht gelassen werden, wie viele mächtige Gegner sich die Gesellschaft seit ihrer Begründung geschaffen hat. Es ist schon gesagt worden: Wenn die theosophische Bewegung auf einem von den zahlreichen modernen Einfällen beruhte, ebenso harmlos wie vorübergehend in ihren Absichten — und man würde lachen über sie, wie es ohnehin von denen geschieht, die ihre wahre Grundlage nicht verstehen — und man würde über sie zur Tagesordnung übergehen. Aber sie ist nichts Derartiges. Tiefer gesehen ist sie die ernsteste Bewegung dieses Zeitalters; und außerdem eine solche, welche an den Tag bringt hundertjährigen Schwindel, Vorurteile und soziale Übel, jene Übel, welche sättigen und beglücken die oberen Schichten der Bevölkerung und ihre Nachahmer und Mitläufer, die wohlhabenden Dutzende der Mittelschichten, während sie bedrücken und aussaugen Millionen von Armen. Wenn man dies bedenkt, wird man leicht den Grund erkennen der fortdauernden Verfolgung durch diejenigen, welche durch Beobachtungsgabe und Scharfsinn die wahre Natur der Theosophie wittern, und sie darum fürchten.

Frag.: Soll damit angedeutet werden, dass die Theosophie deshalb verfolgt werde, weil einige wenige verstehen, wozu sie führt? Aber wenn die Theosophie doch nur zum Guten führt, so kann man doch unmöglich eine solch schreckliche Anklage von einiger Herzlosigkeit und Falschheit gegen die Wenigen aussprechen?

Theos.: Man muss es dennoch tun. Es sind die Feinde, die während der ersten neun oder zehn Jahre der Existenz der Gesellschaft zu bekämpfen waren, weder mächtig noch gefährlich; aber diejenigen sind es, welche während der folgenden drei bis vier Jahre sich erhoben haben. Und diese sprechen weder, noch schreiben sie gegen die Theosophie, sondern sie leiten in der Stille die Arbeit der törichten Marionetten, hinter denen sie stehen. Obwohl sie den Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft unbekannt sind, sind sie den Gründern und Beschützern der Gesellschaft gut bekannt. Aber man kann sie aus gewissen Gründen gegenwärtig nicht nennen.

Frag.: Sind diese mehreren bekannt?

Theos.: Es wird gar nichts darüber behauptet, wer sie kennt. Ob man ihre Namen anzugeben vermag oder nicht; man weiß von ihnen — und das genügt; und man kann sie sogar dazu auffordern, ihr Schlechtestes zu tun. Sie mögen großes Unheil vollführen und Verwirrung in die Reihen der Theosophen bringen, besonders unter die schwachherzigen und diejenigen, welche nur nach dem Schein zu urteilen vermögen. Die Gesellschaft zu zerstören werden sie unvermögend sein. Außer diesen wahrhaft gefährlichen Feinden, gefährlich allerdings nur für jene Theosophen, welche diesen Namen nicht mit Recht tragen, und deren Platz besser außerhalb als innerhalb der Gesellschaft wäre — ist die Anzahl der Gegner noch beträchtlich genug.

Frag.: Es wird von vielen Theosophen erwähnt, dass es «Kräfte hinter der Gesellschaft» gäbe, und es wird von gewissen «Mahatmas» gesprochen, die auch in dem Buche von Sinnett erwähnt werden; sie werden als die Gründer der Gesellschaft angeführt, und als Beschützer und ihre Wächter.

Theos.: So merkwürdig das manchem erscheint, es verhält sich so.

Automated Retranslation

XIII. About the misunderstandings regarding the Theosophical Society

Theosophy and Asceticism

Question: It has been asserted that the Rules of the Theosophical Society require all members to become vegetarians, celibates and strict ascetics; nothing whatever has been said about this so far. Could something definite not be said about this once and for all?

Theos.: In truth, the Rules do not demand anything of the kind. The Theosophical Society does not even expect, much less demand, that any of its members should become an ascetic in any form, except — if one wishes to call it asceticism — that they should try to be kind to other people and to give up selfishness in their own lives.

Frag.: But many of the members are strict vegetarians and publicly declare that it is their intention not to marry. This is often the case, especially with those who take an outstanding part in the work of the Society.

Theos.: That is only natural, because most of them are really serious workers in the inner section of the Society, which has been discussed before.

Question. Then this inner section demands ascetic practices?

Theos. No; they are not required there either; but it would be better if a general discussion of asceticism were given here, then everything about vegetarianism and the like will also become clear.

Frag.: That may happen.

Theos.: It has already been stated that many people who become serious followers of Theosophy and real workers in the Society want more than the mere theoretical study of the truths that are taught. They want to know the truth through their own personal experience and to study occultism with the aim of acquiring the wisdom and power they feel is necessary to help others effectively and appropriately, rather than in blindness and dependence on chance. Therefore, sooner or later, they seek out the inner section.

Frag.: But it has been said that “ascetic exercises” are not obligatory, not even in the inner section?

Theos.: Of course they are not; but the first thing members learn there is a true concept of the relationship of the body, or the physical envelope, to the inner, the true man. The relation and interaction of these two sides of human nature are explained to them, so that they soon realize how much more important the inner man is than the outer body. They realize that unreasonable asceticism is pure folly; that behavior like that of St. Labre, of whom has been spoken, or that of the Indian Fakirs and the Jungle-ascetics, who cut, burn and torture their bodies in the cruellest and most horrible manner, is all just self-torture from a selfish point of view, that is, to develop willpower. But this is completely useless for spiritual life or for theosophical development.

Question: One sees that only moral asceticism is considered necessary. It is like a means to an end; and that end is the complete equilibrium of the inner being of man and the complete mastery of the body with all its passions and desires. Theos.: It is so. But this means must be applied intelligently and wisely, not blindly and foolishly; it must be as in the training of the athlete who is preparing for a great fight, not as with the miser who makes himself ill out of his passion for gold.

Frag.: From this the general idea can be understood; but it is still missing that the application in practice be shown. It may be shown in relation to vegetarianism, for example.

Theos.: One of the great German scholars has shown that no matter how you cook it, every type of animal tissue retains certain characteristics of the animal to which it belongs, and these characteristics can be identified. Besides, everyone knows by instinct what kind of meat they are eating. Now, if we go a step further and realize that when the flesh of animals is consumed by humans, it physiologically imparts some of the characteristics of the animal from which it originates. Furthermore, occult science teaches and proves this to students by way of demonstration, also showing them that the “disturbing” effect on humans is greater when eating the meat of large animals, less so when eating birds, even less so when eating fish and other cold-blooded animals, and least of all when eating only vegetables.

Frag.: Then it would be best not to eat anything at all? Theos.: If one could live without eating, that would be the case. But as things are, one must eat in order to live; therefore, the earnest student is advised to take such food as will least clog the brain and body and which offers the least hindrance to the development of intuition, of inner faculties and powers.

Frag.: Then the theosophist does not consider the claims of vegetarians to be his own?

Theos.: Certainly not. Some of their claims are worth very little and are based all too often on completely false premises. On the other hand, they say many things that are quite true. It seems to be quite correct that many diseases, especially many predispositions to disease in our time, are related to the consumption of meat, especially meat stored in tin cans. But it would be going too far to go into the question of vegetarianism in detail; let other things be discussed.

Question: One more question: What do the members of the inner section do with regard to their food when they are ill?

Theos.: They follow the best practical instructions available to them. Can it not be understood that no one is imposed upon in any way? Remember that in all such matters Theosophy takes a reasonable, not a fanatical, standpoint. If, because of illness or long habit, a person cannot be without meat, let him eat meat. It is no crime; it will only slightly hinder his progress; for, from what has been said, purely physical actions and performances are far less important than what a person thinks and feels, what desires he cherishes in his soul, and what he allows to take root there.

Frag.: And with regard to the use of wine and spirits, is it to be assumed that Theosophy advises against it?

Theos.: They are worse for moral and spiritual growth than the flesh, because alcohol in all its forms has a direct, significant influence on a person's state of mind. Drinking wine and spirits is hardly much less harmful to the development of inner strength than the use of hashish, opium and similar substances.

Theosophy and Marriage

Frag.: Now, let us change the subject. Must a man marry or remain a celibate?

Theos.: It depends on the type of man you have in mind. If you have in mind someone who intends to live in the world, and who, though a good, earnest Theosophist and a hard-working worker for the Theosophical cause, still has ties and desires that bind him to the world, who, in short, does not feel that he has broken forever with what is called life, and that he only has one desire: to know the truth and to be able to help others – for such a person there is no reason not to marry if he wants to take the risk of getting involved in this game, in which there are as many bad as good outcomes. Surely one cannot consider Theosophy to be so nonsensical and fanatical as to believe that it is opposed to marriage. On the other hand, except in a few exceptional cases of practical occultism, marriage is the only remedy against immorality.

Question: But why should such knowledge and powers not be attainable within marriage as well?

Theos.: Certain physiological questions cannot be touched upon here; but a clear and probably sufficient answer can be given, which includes the moral reasons to be cited. Can a man serve two masters? No! He cannot divide his attention between allegiance to occultism and to woman. If he tries it, he will surely do each one inadequately; and one must remember that practical occultism is too serious and dangerous a pursuit for any man to devote himself to it unless he is sincere about it and is willing to sacrifice everything, especially himself, for his goal. But this does not apply to the members of the inner section. It applies only to those who want to follow the path of discipleship that leads to the highest goals. Most, if not all, of those who belong to the inner section are only beginners who, in the present life, are only preparing to enter the path in a future life.

Theosophy and Education

Frag.: One of the most effective objections to the wholesomeness of the existing forms of religion in the West, and also to the materialistic philosophy that is so popular at present, seems to be that they are held responsible for the desolation of the misery that exists on a large scale, especially in the big cities. But surely it should be acknowledged that much is being done to remedy this situation by spreading education and taking care of upbringing.

Theos.: Future generations will hardly be grateful for such a “spreading of education”, nor is much good being done for the poor, miserable masses through the current education.

Question: Just give it time; after all, it has only been a few years since such popular education has begun.

Theos.: And what has the Christian Church actually done since the 15th century? If it must be admitted how little has been done for popular education so far. So if what a true Christian church should have done has only now to be started?

Questioner: It may be right with regard to the past, but at the present time... Theos.: Just consider this educational question on a broader basis, and it can be shown that by no means good is done with what is so praised. The schools for the poor children, although they are less good than they could be, are still a blessing in relation to the bad environment to which they are condemned by modern society. The influence of a small amount of Theosophy would do a hundred times more good for the poor suffering masses than all the influence of useless intellectual training.

Frag.: Can this be said to be true?

Theos.: Just think this through to the end. This touches on a point that theosophists feel is particularly important, and it needs to be discussed very clearly. One can admit that it is of great advantage for a small child, who grows up in dirty caves and cavorts on the streets, and is constantly surrounded by filth in word and deed, if it can come daily into a spacious, bright schoolroom, where pictures hang and flowers are. There it is taught to be pure, orderly, and noble; there it learns to sing and play; it receives something that awakens its mind, learns to use its fingers correctly; one speaks to it with a smile instead of grudgingly, it is gently admonished instead of tortured. All this humanizes children, makes their brains flourish, and makes them receptive to understanding and moral influences. Schools are not all what they should be; but compared to the home, they are paradises; and they also gradually influence the homes. But while this is true with regard to schools, the whole system of life deserves the sharpest condemnation.

Question: In what direction can this be said to go? Theos.: What is the real aim of modern education? Is it to cultivate and develop the mind in the right direction; to teach the disinherited and helpless to bear with fortitude the life's blows that Karma inflicts; to strengthen their will to strengthen their will; to impress upon them the love of their fellow men and to give them the feeling of mutual belonging in a brotherhood; and thus to give them all those character traits that they need in practical life? None of this is the case. And yet these are undeniably the true educational goals. No one denies this; all educators admit it and spend a lot of words on the matter. But what is the practical result of all this? Every young person and boy, even the younger schoolmaster, will answer: “The aim of modern education is to pass the examination.” This system does not stimulate genuine competition between young people, but jealousy and envy, even hatred, and thus it educates for a life of wild selfishness, for a fight for honor instead of for kind feelings.

Frag.: One must admit the justification for this.

Theos.: And what are these examinations - the terror of modern boys and young people? They are simply a way of recording the results of what has been learned at school. In other words, they are the practical application of the modern scientific method to the human race as an intelligent being. Now, science teaches that the mind is an effect of mechanical operations in the brain; so it is only logical that modern education should be mostly mechanical—a kind of automaton for turning out minds by the hundredweight. A little experience in examining is enough to show that all that this education produces is nothing but a training of the physical memory, and that sooner or later all modern schools will sink to this level. In this way, a truly healthy development of the powers of thought and reason is simply impossible. Everything has to be judged by the results that come about under the pressure of exams. And yet the influence of school education is of great importance for the formation of character, especially in moral terms. But the whole modern education system is based on such scientific revelations as the “struggle for existence” or the “survival of the fittest”. For many years of his youth, every human being is taught by practical example, by experience and instruction that this is so, until the thought is no longer erasable from his soul, that the ordinary “I”, the lower self, is the starting point and the final goal of all life. This is the great source of all later misery, of crimes, of heartless selfishness - no one can deny that. Selfishness is, as has often been stated, the curse of humanity, and the actual father of all evil and crime in this life; and the present schools are the hotbeds of this self-interest.

Frag.: That may be true in general; but can't a few facts be given as to how this is to be remedied?

Theos.: Oh, let us try to give something satisfactory in this direction. There are three kinds of schools, internal, intermediate, and public, which form a whole scale from those that serve the interests of trade to those that are intended for the idealistic-classical aspirations, with all intermediate levels and corresponding combinations. The practical commercial subjects form the actual content of life, and the old and classical subjects reflect its venerable side, but only within the sphere in which the teacher reigns. One can see how material and commercial interests everywhere push the orthodox and classical into the background. The reason for this is obvious enough. The goals of this branch of education are: pounds, shillings and pence, the “absolute good” of the nineteenth century. Thus all the energy produced by the followers of such a direction within the brain molecules is directed towards only one point, and that is why they will form such an army of speculative minds, a minority of people who are trained to rule and exploit the masses of ignorant, uneducated people. But this is not only an un-Theosophical education, but an entirely un-Christian one. And the result is: the immediate result of such education is a glut in the market of money-making machines, of heartless, selfish people — who have been carefully trained to defraud their fellow men and to take advantage of the ignorance of their weaker brothers.

Frag.: Well, but this cannot be said of the great public schools.

Theos.: Not quite, that's true. But although the form is different, the spirit that dominates them is the same everywhere; untheosophical and unchristian, neither Eton nor Harrow can produce scholars or theologians otherwise.

Frag.: Surely, however, it cannot be meant that Eton and Harrow are “commercial”?

Theos.: No. Of course, the classical system is, above all, honorable, and it produces many good things in the present. It is certainly still the favorite of our public higher schools, where one can obtain not only an intellectual but also a social education. It is therefore important that the untalented boys of aristocratic and wealthy parents go to such schools to mingle with young people from the “blood and money class”. But unfortunately there is too much competition; for the moneyed classes are on the increase, and poor but clever boys also seek to get into public schools through the rich foundations; and from there they seek admission to the schools and then to the universities.

Frag.: In accordance with this assertion, the rich “droplets” would have to work harder than their poorer comrades.

Theos.: That is right. But, however strange it may sound, the followers of the cult of the “survival of the fittest” do not put their beliefs into practice; for all their efforts are aimed at ensuring that the naturally unfit replace the naturally fit. Thus, through bribery, they persuade the best teachers to turn away from their naturally suitable pupils and to push the naturally unfit into professions for which they are in no way suited.

Frag.: And to what facts can all this be attributed?

Theos.: All this comes only from a system of life that moves away from everything right by disregarding the natural abilities and aptitudes of youth. The poor little candidate for this paradise of progress comes almost immediately from the nursery to the treadmill of a prep school for men. Here he is seized by the workmen of the material-intellectual factory and filled with Latin, French and Greek facts, dates and tables, so that if he should have any natural abilities, they disappear as quickly as possible through what Carlyle aptly called “dead words”.

Frag.: But surely he is taught something other than just “dead words,” and much of it even can lead him to Theosophy, if not even into the Theosophical Society.

Theos.: Not much. For from history he acquires only a knowledge of his own particular nation, which equips him with a suit of armor of prejudice against all other peoples, and loads him with lasting national hatred and hostility to foreigners; and surely that cannot be called - Theosophy?

Frag.: What are the other objections?

Theos.: In addition to all this, there is only a selection of so-called Biblical facts, the study of which expels all spirit. They are simply memory exercises, for which the teacher is determined by circumstances, not by reason.

[Frag].: Yes; but one can hear theosophists congratulating themselves on the constantly increasing number of agnostics and atheists in our days, so that it seems that in this system people are led to use their own thinking and reason.

Theos.: Yes; but this is rather due to a salutary reaction against the system than to it itself. One must to a great extent prefer the agnostics, and even the atheists in our society, to the bigots of any religion. An agnostic mind is always open to the truth; while the bigot is blinded by it like the owl by the sun. The best of our comrades—those who are truthful, humane, and honest—have been and are agnostics and atheists, in the sense that they have no belief in a personal God. But there are no free-thinking boys and girls, and usually, as a token of the early education received, there remains the shadow of a stunted and crippled mind. A proper and sound system of education ought to produce strong and free minds, carefully trained in logical and accurate thinking, not in blind faith. But how can good results be expected when children's reason is so perverted that they are made to believe in the miracles of the Bible on Sunday and taught that such things are scientifically impossible the other six days of the week?

Question: But what can be done about it?

Theos.: If the Theosophists had money, they wanted to found schools that would produce something other than reading and writing candidates of hardship. Children should be taught mutual self-respect, love for all people, altruism, mutual benevolence, and above all independent thinking. Mere rote learning should be reduced to a minimum, and the time devoted to developing the inner senses, abilities and powers. Each child should be treated as an individual and educated in such a way that harmony and the even development of abilities are achieved, so that the special talents can reach full development. The result should be free human beings, intellectually free, morally free, free of prejudice in every way, and above all: selfless. And it is reasonable to believe that much of this, if not all of it, can be achieved through a true theosophical education.

Why, despite all this, are there so many prejudices against the Theosophical Society?

Questioner. If Theosophy is only half of what is stated here, why is it so disliked? That is a question more significant than any other.

Theos. That is so; but it must not be forgotten how many powerful opponents the Society has created for itself since its inception. It has been said that if the Theosophical Society were based on one of the numerous modern inventions, as harmless as it is temporary in its intentions, it would be laughed at, as it is in fact by those who do not understand its true foundation. But it is nothing of the sort. Seen in its true light, it is the most serious movement of this age; and, furthermore, one that exposes a hundred years of fraud, prejudice, and social ills, those ills that satiate and gratify the upper strata of the population and their imitators and followers, the prosperous dozens of the middle classes, while oppressing and draining millions of poor ones. When this is considered, it is easy to see the cause of the continued persecution by those who, through their powers of observation and penetration, scent the true nature of Theosophy and therefore fear it.

Frag.: Does this mean that Theosophy is persecuted because a few people understand what it leads to? But if Theosophy only leads to good, then surely it is impossible to make such a terrible accusation of heartlessness and falsity against the few?

Theos.: It must be done nonetheless. They are the enemies who had to be fought during the first nine or ten years of the Society's existence, neither powerful nor dangerous; but they are the ones who rose up during the following three to four years. And these neither speak nor write against Theosophy, but they quietly direct the work of foolish puppets behind whom they stand. Although they are unknown to the members of the Society, they are well known to the founders and protectors of the Society. But for certain reasons they cannot be named at present.

Frag.: Are these several known?

Theos.: Nothing whatever is said about who knows them. Whether one is able to give their names or not, they are known – and that is enough; and one can even call upon them to do their worst. They may carry out great mischief and bring confusion into the ranks of the Theosophists, especially among the weak-hearted and those who are only able to judge by appearances. They will not be able to destroy the Society. Besides these truly dangerous enemies, dangerous only for those Theosophists who do not deserve to bear this name and whose place would be better outside than within the Society – the number of opponents is still considerable enough.

Frag.: It is mentioned by many Theosophists that there are “forces behind the Society,” and there is talk of certain “Mahatmas,” who are also mentioned in the book by Sinnett; they are cited as the founders of the Society, and as its protectors and its guardians.

Theos.: However strange it may seem to some, that is the way it is.