Donate books to help fund our work. Learn more→

The Rudolf Steiner Archive

a project of Steiner Online Library, a public charity

H. P. Blavatsky's, “The Key to Theosophy”
GA 41b

H. P. Blavatsky
[adapted from the online text provided by the Theosophical Society, Pasadena

X. On the Nature of Our Thinking Principle

The Mystery of The Ego

Enq. I perceive in the quotation you brought forward a little while ago from the Buddhist Catechism a discrepancy that I would like to hear explained. It is there stated that the Skandhas — memory included — change with every new incarnation. And yet, it is asserted that the reflection of the past lives, which, we are told, are entirely made up of Skandhas, "must survive." At the present moment I am not quite clear in my mind as to what it is precisely that survives, and I would like to have it explained. What is it? Is it only that "reflection," or those Skandhas, or always that same EGO, the Manas?

Theo. I have just explained that the re-incarnating Principle, or that which we call the divine man, is indestructible throughout the life cycle: indestructible as a thinking Entity, and even as an ethereal form. The "reflection" is only the spiritualised remembrance during the Devachanic period, of the ex-personality, Mr. A. or Mrs. B. — with which the Ego identifies itself during that period. Since the latter is but the continuation of the earth-life, so to say, the very acme and pitch, in an unbroken series, of the few happy moments in that now past existence, the Ego has to identify itself with the personal consciousness of that life, if anything shall remain of it.

Enq. This means that the Ego, notwithstanding its divine nature, passes every such period between two incarnations in a state of mental obscuration, or temporary insanity.

Theo. You may regard it as you like. Believing that, outside the ONE Reality, nothing is better than a passing illusion — the whole Universe included — we do not view it as insanity, but as a very natural sequence or development of the terrestrial life. What is life? A bundle of the most varied experiences, of daily changing ideas, emotions, and opinions. In our youth we are often enthusiastically devoted to an ideal, to some hero or heroine whom we try to follow and revive; a few years later, when the freshness of our youthful feelings has faded out and sobered down, we are the first to laugh at our fancies. And yet there was a day when we had so thoroughly identified our own personality with that of the ideal in our mind — especially if it was that of a living being — that the former was entirely merged and lost in the latter. Can it be said of a man of fifty that he is the same being that he was at twenty? The inner man is the same; the outward living personality is completely transformed and changed. Would you also call these changes in the human mental states insanity?

Enq. How would you name them, and especially how would you explain the permanence of one and the evanescence of the other?

Theo. We have our own doctrine ready, and to us it offers no difficulty. The clue lies in the double consciousness of our mind, and also, in the dual nature of the mental "principle." There is a spiritual consciousness, the Manasic mind illumined by the light of Buddhi, that which subjectively perceives abstractions; and the sentient consciousness (the lower Manasic light), inseparable from our physical brain and senses. This latter consciousness is held in subjection by the brain and physical senses, and, being in its turn equally dependent on them, must of course fade out and finally die with the disappearance of the brain and physical senses. It is only the former kind of consciousness, whose root lies in eternity, which survives and lives for ever, and may, therefore, be regarded as immortal. Everything else belongs to passing illusions.

Enq. What do you really understand by illusion in this case?

Theo. It is very well described in the just-mentioned essay on "The Higher Self." Says its author:

"The theory we are considering (the interchange of ideas between the Higher Ego and the lower self) harmonizes very well with the treatment of this world in which we live as a phenomenal world of illusion, the spiritual plane of nature being on the other hand the noumenal world or plane of reality. That region of nature in which, so to speak, the permanent soul is rooted is more real than that in which its transitory blossoms appear for a brief space to wither and fall to pieces, while the plant recovers energy for sending forth a fresh flower. Supposing flowers only were perceptible to ordinary senses, and their roots existed in a state of Nature intangible and invisible to us, philosophers in such a world who divined that there were such things as roots in another plane of existence would be apt to say of the flowers, These are not the real plants; they are of no relative importance, merely illusive phenomena of the moment."

This is what I mean. The world in which blossom the transitory and evanescent flowers of personal lives is not the real permanent world; but that one in which we find the root of consciousness, that root which is beyond illusion and dwells in the eternity.

Enq. What do you mean by the root dwelling in eternity?

Theo. I mean by this root the thinking entity, the Ego which incarnates, whether we regard it as an "Angel," "Spirit," or a Force. Of that which falls under our sensuous perceptions only what grows directly from, or is attached to this invisible root above, can partake of its immortal life. Hence every noble thought, idea and aspiration of the personality it informs, proceeding from and fed by this root, must become permanent. As to the physical consciousness, as it is a quality of the sentient but lower "principle," (Kama-rupa or animal instinct, illuminated by the lower manasic reflection), or the human Soul — it must disappear. That which displays activity, while the body is asleep or paralysed, is the higher consciousness, our memory registering but feebly and inaccurately — because automatically — such experiences, and often failing to be even slightly impressed by them.

Enq. But how is it that MANAS, although you call it Nous, a "God," is so weak during its incarnations, as to be actually conquered and fettered by its body?

Theo. I might retort with the same question and ask: "How is it that he, whom you regard as 'the God of Gods' and the One living God, is so weak as to allow evil (or the Devil) to have the best of him as much as of all his creatures, whether while he remains in Heaven, or during the time he was incarnated on this earth?" You are sure to reply again: "This is a Mystery; and we are forbidden to pry into the mysteries of God." Not being forbidden to do so by our religious philosophy, I answer your question that, unless a God descends as an Avatar, no divine principle can be otherwise than cramped and paralysed by turbulent, animal matter. Heterogeneity will always have the upper hand over homogeneity, on this plane of illusions, and the nearer an essence is to its root-principle, Primordial Homogeneity, the more difficult it is for the latter to assert itself on earth. Spiritual and divine powers lie dormant in every human Being; and the wider the sweep of his spiritual vision the mightier will be the God within him. But as few men can feel that God, and since, as an average rule, deity is always bound and limited in our thought by earlier conceptions, those ideas that are inculcated in us from childhood, therefore, it is so difficult for you to understand our philosophy.

Enq. And is it this Ego of ours which is our God?

Theo. Not at all; "A God" is not the universal deity, but only a spark from the one ocean of Divine Fire. Our God within us, or "our Father in Secret" is what we call the "HIGHER SELF," Atma. Our incarnating Ego was a God in its origin, as were all the primeval emanations of the One Unknown Principle. But since its "fall into Matter," having to incarnate throughout the cycle, in succession, from first to last, it is no longer a free and happy god, but a poor pilgrim on his way to regain that which he has lost. I can answer you more fully by repeating what is said of the INNER MAN in ISIS UNVEILED (Vol. II. 593): —

"From the remotest antiquity mankind as a whole have always been convinced of the existence of a personal spiritual entity within the personal physical man. This inner entity was more or less divine, according to its proximity to the crown. The closer the union the more serene man's destiny, the less dangerous the external conditions. This belief is neither bigotry nor superstition, only an ever-present, instinctive feeling of the proximity of another spiritual and invisible world, which, though it be subjective to the senses of the outward man, is perfectly objective to the inner ego. Furthermore, they believed that there are external and internal conditions which affect the determination of our will upon our actions. They rejected fatalism, for fatalism implies a blind course of some still blinder power. But they believed in destiny or Karma, which from birth to death every man is weaving thread by thread around himself, as a spider does his cobweb; and this destiny is guided by that presence termed by some the guardian angel, or our more intimate astral inner man, who is but too often the evil genius of the man of flesh or the personality. Both these lead on MAN, but one of them must prevail; and from the very beginning of the invisible affray the stern and implacable law of compensation and retribution steps in and takes its course, following faithfully the fluctuating of the conflict. When the last strand is woven, and man is seemingly enwrapped in the net-work of his own doing, then he finds himself completely under the empire of this self-made destiny. It then either fixes him like the inert shell against the immovable rock, or like a feather carries him away in a whirlwind raised by his own actions."

Such is the destiny of the Man — the true Ego, not the Automaton, the shell that goes by that name. It is for him to become the conqueror over matter.

The Complex Nature of Manas

Enq. But you wanted to tell me something of the essential nature of Manas, and of the relation in which the Skandhas of physical man stand to it?

Theo. It is this nature, mysterious, Protean, beyond any grasp, and almost shadowy in its correlations with the other principles, that is most difficult to realise, and still more so to explain. Manas is a "principle," and yet it is an "Entity" and individuality or Ego. He is a "God," and yet he is doomed to an endless cycle of incarnations, for each of which he is made responsible, and for each of which he has to suffer. All this seems as contradictory as it is puzzling; nevertheless, there are hundreds of people, even in Europe, who realise all this perfectly, for they comprehend the Ego not only in its integrity but in its many aspects. Finally, if I would make myself comprehensible, I must begin by the beginning and give you the genealogy of this Ego in a few lines.

Enq. Say on.

Theo. Try to imagine a "Spirit," a celestial Being, whether we call it by one name or another, divine in its essential nature, yet not pure enough to be one with the ALL, and having, in order to achieve this, to so purify its nature as to finally gain that goal. It can do so only by passing individually and personally, i. e., spiritually and physically, through every experience and feeling that exists in the manifold or differentiated Universe. It has, therefore, after having gained such experience in the lower kingdoms, and having ascended higher and still higher with every rung on the ladder of being, to pass through every experience on the human planes. In its very essence it is THOUGHT, and is, therefore, called in its plurality Manasa putra, "the Sons of the (Universal) mind." This individualised "Thought" is what we Theosophists call the real EGO, the thinking Entity imprisoned in a case of flesh and bones. This is surely a Spiritual Entity, not Matter, and such Entities are the incarnating EGOS that inform the bundle of animal matter called mankind, and whose names are Manasa or "Minds." But once imprisoned, or incarnate, their essence becomes dual: that is to say, the rays of the eternal divine Mind, considered as individual entities, assume a two-fold attribute which is (a) their essential inherent characteristic, heaven-aspiring mind (higher Manas), and (b) the human quality of thinking, or animal cogitation, rationalised owing to the superiority of the human brain, the Kama-tending or lower Manas. One gravitates toward Buddhi, the other, tending downward, to the seat of passions and animal desires. The latter have no room in Devachan, nor can they associate with the divine triad which ascends as ONE into mental bliss. Yet it is the Ego, the Manasic Entity, which is held responsible for all the sins of the lower attributes, just as a parent is answerable for the transgressions of his child, so long as the latter remains irresponsible.

Enq. Is this "child" the "personality"?

Theo. It is. When, therefore, it is stated that the "personality" dies with the body it does not state all. The body, which was only the objective symbol of Mr. A. or Mrs. B., fades away with all its material Skandhas, which are the visible expressions thereof. But all that which constituted during life the spiritual bundle of experiences, the noblest aspirations, undying affections, and unselfish nature of Mr. A. or Mrs. B. clings for the time of the Devachanic period to the EGO, which is identified with the spiritual portion of that terrestrial Entity, now passed away out of sight. The ACTOR is so imbued with the role just played by him that he dreams of it during the whole Devachanic night, which vision continues till the hour strikes for him to return to the stage of life to enact another part.

Enq. But how is it that this doctrine, which you say is as old as thinking men, has found no room, say, in Christian theology?

Theo. You are mistaken, it has; only theology has disfigured it out of all recognition, as it has many other doctrines. Theology calls the EGO the Angel that God gives us at the moment of our birth, to take care of our Soul. Instead of holding that "Angel" responsible for the transgressions of the poor helpless "Soul," it is the latter which, according to theological logic, is punished for all the sins of both flesh and mind! It is the Soul, the immaterial breath of God and his alleged creation, which, by some most amazing intellectual jugglery, is doomed to burn in a material hell without ever being consumed (being of "an asbestos-like nature," according to the eloquent and fiery expression of a modern English Tertullian), while the "Angel" escapes scot free, after folding his white pinions and wetting them with a few tears. Aye, these are our "ministering Spirits," the "messengers of mercy" who are sent, Bishop Mant tells us —

"...to fulfil
Good for Salvation's heirs, for us they still
Grieve when we sin, rejoice when we repent;"

Yet it becomes evident that if all the Bishops the world over were asked to define once for all what they mean by Soul and its functions, they would be as unable to do so as to show us any shadow of logic in the orthodox belief!

The Doctrine is Taught in St John's Gospel

Enq. To this the adherents to this belief might answer, that if even the orthodox dogma does promise the impenitent sinner and materialist a bad time of it in a rather too realistic Inferno, it gives them, on the other hand, a chance for repentance to the last minute. Nor do they teach annihilation, or loss of personality, which is all the same.

Theo. If the Church teaches nothing of the kind, on the other hand, Jesus does; and that is something to those, at least, who place Christ higher than Christianity.

Enq. Does Christ teach anything of the sort?

Theo. He does; and every well-informed Occultist and even Kabalist will tell you so. Christ, or the fourth Gospel at any rate, teaches re-incarnation as also the annihilation of the personality, if you but forget the dead letter and hold to the esoteric Spirit. Remember verses I and 2 in chapter xv. of St. John. What does the parable speak about if not of the upper triad in man? Atma is the Husbandman — the Spiritual Ego or Buddhi (Christos) the Vine, while the animal and vital Soul, the personality, is the "branch." "I am the true vine, and my Father is the Husbandman. Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away . . . As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me. I am the Vine — ye are the branches. If a man abide not in me he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered and cast into the fire and burned."

Now we explain it in this way. Disbelieving in the hell-fires which theology discovers as underlying the threat to the branches, we say that the "Husbandman" means Atma, the Symbol for the infinite, impersonal Principle, while the Vine stands for the Spiritual Soul, Christos, and each "branch" represents a new incarnation. (During the Mysteries, it is the Hierophant, the "Father," who planted the Vine. Every symbol has Seven Keys to it. The discloser of the Pleroma was always called "Father.")

Enq. But what proofs have you to support such an arbitrary interpretation?

Theo. Universal symbology is a warrant for its correctness and that it is not arbitrary. Hermas says of "God" that he "planted the Vineyard," i. e., he created mankind. In the Kabala, it is shown that the Aged of the Aged, or the "Long Face," plants a vineyard, the latter typifying mankind; and a vine, meaning Life. The Spirit of "King Messiah" is, therefore, shown as washing his garments in the wine from above, from the creation of the world. (Zohar XL., 10.) And King Messiah is the EGO purified by washing his garments (i. e., his personalities in re-birth), in the wine from above, or BUDDHI. Adam, or A-Dam, is "blood." The Life of the flesh is in the blood (nephesh — soul), Leviticus xvii. And Adam-Kadmon is the Only-Begotten. Noah also plants a vineyard — the allegorical hot-bed of future humanity. As a consequence of the adoption of the same allegory, we find it reproduced in the Nazarene Codex. Seven vines are procreated — which seven vines are our Seven Races with their seven Saviours or Buddhas — which spring from Iukabar Zivo, and Ferho (or Parcha) Raba waters them. (Codex Nazaraes, Vol. III., pp. 60, 61.) When the blessed will ascend among the creatures of Light, they shall see Iavar-Xivo, Lord of LIFE, and the First VINE. (Ibid., Vol. II., p. 281.) These kabalistic metaphors are thus naturally repeated in the Gospel according to St. John (xv., 1).

Let us not forget that in the human system — even according to those philosophies which ignore our septenary division — the EGO or thinking man is called the Logos, or the Son of King of Soul and Queen of Spirit. "Manas is the adopted Son of King — and Queen —" (esoteric equivalents for Atma and Buddhi), says an occult work. He is the "man-god" of Plato, who crucifies himself in Space (or the duration of the life cycle) for the redemption of MATTER. This he does by incarnating over and over again, thus leading mankind onward to perfection, and making thereby room for lower forms to develop into higher. Not for one life does he cease progressing himself and helping all physical nature to progress; even the occasional, very rare event of his losing one of his personalities, in the case of the latter being entirely devoid of even a spark of spirituality, helps toward his individual progress.

Enq. But surely, if the Ego is held responsible for the transgressions of its personalities, it has to answer also for the loss, or rather the complete annihilation, of one of such.

Theo. Not at all, unless it has done nothing to avert this dire fate. But if, all its efforts notwithstanding, its voice, that of our conscience, was unable to penetrate through the wall of matter, then the obtuseness of the latter proceeding from the imperfect nature of the material is classed with other failures of nature. The Ego is sufficiently punished by the loss of Devachan, and especially by having to incarnate almost immediately.

Enq. This doctrine of the possibility of losing one's soul — or personality, do you call it? — militates against the ideal theories of both Christians and Spiritualists, though Swedenborg adopts it to a certain extent, in what he calls Spiritual death. They will never accept it.

Theo. This can in no way alter a fact in nature, if it be a fact, or prevent such a thing occasionally taking place. The universe and everything in it, moral, mental, physical, psychic, or Spiritual, is built on a perfect law of equilibrium and harmony. As said before (vide Isis Unveiled), the centripetal force could not manifest itself without the centrifugal in the harmonious revolutions of the spheres, and all forms and their progress are the products of this dual force in nature. Now the Spirit (or Buddhi) is the centrifugal and the soul (Manas) the centripetal spiritual energy; and to produce one result they have to be in perfect union and harmony. Break or damage the centripetal motion of the earthly soul tending toward the centre which attracts it; arrest its progress by clogging it with a heavier weight of matter than it can bear, or than is fit for the Devachanic state, and the harmony of the whole will be destroyed. Personal life, or perhaps rather its ideal reflection, can only be continued if sustained by the two-fold force, that is by the close union of Buddhi and Manas in every re-birth or personal life. The least deviation from harmony damages it; and when it is destroyed beyond redemption the two forces separate at the moment of death. During a brief interval the personal form (called indifferently Kama rupa and Mayavi rupa), the spiritual efflorescence of which, attaching itself to the Ego, follows it into Devachan and gives to the permanent individuality its personal colouring (pro tem., so to speak), is carried off to remain in Kamaloka and to be gradually annihilated. For it is after the death of the utterly depraved, the unspiritual and the wicked beyond redemption, that arrives the critical and supreme moment. If during life the ultimate and desperate effort of the INNER SELF (Manas), to unite something of the personality with itself and the high glimmering ray of the divine Buddhi, is thwarted; if this ray is allowed to be more and more shut out from the ever-thickening crust of physical brain, the Spiritual EGO or Manas, once freed from the body, remains severed entirely from the ethereal relic of the personality; and the latter, or Kama rupa, following its earthly attractions, is drawn into and remains in Hades, which we call the Kamaloka. These are "the withered branches" mentioned by Jesus as being cut off from the Vine. Annihilation, however, is never instantaneous, and may require centuries sometimes for its accomplishment. But there the personality remains along with the remnants of other more fortunate personal Egos, and becomes with them a shell and an Elementary. As said in Isis, it is these two classes of "Spirits," the shells and the Elementaries, which are the leading "Stars" on the great spiritual stage of "materialisations." And you may be sure of it, it is not they who incarnate; and, therefore, so few of these "dear departed ones" know anything of re-incarnation, misleading thereby the Spiritualists.

Enq. But does not the author of "Isis Unveiled" stand accused of having preached against re-incarnation?

Theo. By those who have misunderstood what was said, yes. At the time that work was written, re-incarnation was not believed in by any Spiritualists, either English or American, and what is said there of re-incarnation was directed against the French Spiritists, whose theory is as unphilosophical and absurd as the Eastern teaching is logical and self-evident in its truth. The Re-incarnationists of the Allan Kardec School believe in an arbitrary and immediate re-incarnation. With them, the dead father can incarnate in his own unborn daughter, and so on. They have neither Devachan, Karma, nor any philosophy that would warrant or prove the necessity of consecutive re-births. But how can the author of "Isis" argue against Karmic re-incarnation, at long intervals varying between 1,000 and 1,500 years, when it is the fundamental belief of both Buddhists and Hindus?

Enq. Then you reject the theories of both the Spiritists and the Spiritualists, in their entirety?

Theo. Not in their entirety, but only with regard to their respective fundamental beliefs. Both rely on what their "Spirits" tell them; and both disagree as much with each other as we Theosophists disagree with both. Truth is one; and when we hear the French spooks preaching re-incarnation, and the English spooks denying and denouncing the doctrine, we say that either the French or the English "Spirits" do not know what they are talking about. We believe with the Spiritualists and the Spiritists in the existence of "Spirits," or invisible Beings endowed with more or less intelligence. But, while in our teachings their kinds and genera are legion, our opponents admit of no other than human disembodied "Spirits," which, to our knowledge, are mostly Kamalokic SHELLS.

Enq. You seem very bitter against Spirits. As you have given me your views and your reasons for disbelieving in the materialization of, and direct communication in seances, with the disembodied spirits — or the "spirits of the dead" — would you mind enlightening me as to one more fact? Why are some Theosophists never tired of saying how dangerous is intercourse with spirits, and mediumship? Have they any particular reason for this?

Theo. We must suppose so. I know I have. Owing to my familiarity for over half a century with these invisible, yet but too tangible and undeniable "influences," from the conscious Elementals, semi-conscious shells, down to the utterly senseless and nondescript spooks of all kinds, I claim a certain right to my views.

Enq. Can you give an instance or instances to show why these practices should be regarded as dangerous?

Theo. This would require more time than I can give you. Every cause must be judged by the effects it produces. Go over the history of Spiritualism for the last fifty years, ever since its reappearance in this century in America — and judge for yourself whether it has done its votaries more good or harm. Pray understand me. I do not speak against real Spiritualism, but against the modern movement which goes under that name, and the so-called philosophy invented to explain its phenomena.

Enq. Don't you believe in their phenomena at all?

Theo. It is because I believe in them with too good reason, and (save some cases of deliberate fraud) know them to be as true as that you and I live, that all my being revolts against them. Once more I speak only of physical, not mental or even psychic phenomena. Like attracts like. There are several high-minded, pure, good men and women, known to me personally, who have passed years of their lives under the direct guidance and even protection of high "Spirits," whether disembodied or planetary. But these Intelligences are not of the type of the John Kings and the Ernests who figure in seance rooms. These Intelligences guide and control mortals only in rare and exceptional cases to which they are attracted and magnetically drawn by the Karmic past of the individual. It is not enough to sit "for development" in order to attract them. That only opens the door to a swarm of "spooks," good, bad and indifferent, to which the medium becomes a slave for life. It is against such promiscuous mediumship and intercourse with goblins that I raise my voice, not against spiritual mysticism. The latter is ennobling and holy; the former is of just the same nature as the phenomena of two centuries ago, for which so many witches and wizards have been made to suffer. Read Glanvil and other authors on the subject of witchcraft, and you will find recorded there the parallels of most, if not all, of the physical phenomena of nineteenth century "Spiritualism."

Enq. Do you mean to suggest that it is all witchcraft and nothing more?

Theo. What I mean is that, whether conscious or unconscious, all this dealing with the dead is necromancy, and a most dangerous practice. For ages before Moses such raising of the dead was regarded by all the intelligent nations as sinful and cruel, inasmuch as it disturbs the rest of the souls and interferes with their evolutionary development into higher states. The collective wisdom of all past centuries has ever been loud in denouncing such practices. Finally, I say, what I have never ceased repeating orally and in print for fifteen years: While some of the so-called "spirits" do not know what they are talking about, repeating merely — like poll-parrots — what they find in the mediums' and other people's brains, others are most dangerous, and can only lead one to evil. These are two self-evident facts. Go into spiritualistic circles of the Allan Kardec school, and you find "spirits" asserting re-incarnation and speaking like Roman Catholics born. Turn to the "dear departed ones" in England and America, and you will hear them denying re-incarnation through thick and thin, denouncing those who teach it, and holding to Protestant views. Your best, your most powerful mediums, have all suffered in health of body and mind. Think of the sad end of Charles Foster, who died in an asylum, a raving lunatic; of Slade, an epileptic; of Eglinton — the best medium now in England — subject to the same. Look back over the life of D. D. Home, a man whose mind was steeped in gall and bitterness, who never had a good word to say of anyone whom he suspected of possessing psychic powers, and who slandered every other medium to the bitter end. This Calvin of Spiritualism suffered for years from a terrible spinal disease, brought on by his intercourse with the "spirits," and died a perfect wreck. Think again of the sad fate of poor Washington Irving Bishop. 1 knew him in New York, when he was fourteen, and he was undeniably a medium. It is true that the poor man stole a march on his "spirits," and baptised them "unconscious muscular action," to the great gaudium of all the corporations of highly learned and scientific fools, and to the replenishment of his own pocket. But de mortuis nit nisi bonum; his end was a sad one. He had strenuously concealed his epileptic fits — the first and strongest symptom of genuine mediumship — and who knows whether he was dead or in a trance when the post-mortem examination was performed? His relatives insist that he was alive, if we are to believe Reuter's telegrams. Finally, behold the veteran mediums, the founders and prime movers of modern spiritualism — the Fox sisters. After more than forty years of intercourse with the "Angels," the latter have led them to become incurable sots, who are now denouncing, in public lectures, their own life-long work and philosophy as a fraud. What kind of spirits must they be who prompted them, I ask you?

Enq. But is your inference a correct one?

Theo. What would you infer if the best pupils of a particular school of singing broke down from overstrained sore throats? That the method followed was a bad one. So I think the inference is equally fair with regard to Spiritualism when we see their best mediums fall a prey to such a fate. We can only say: — Let those who are interested in the question judge the tree of Spiritualism by its fruits, and ponder over the lesson. We Theosophists have always regarded the Spiritualists as brothers having the same mystic tendency as ourselves, but they have always regarded us as enemies. We, being in possession of an older philosophy, have tried to help and warn them; but they have repaid us by reviling and traducing us and our motives in every possible way. Nevertheless, the best English Spiritualists say just as we do, wherever they treat of their belief seriously. Hear "M. A. Oxon." confessing this truth: "Spiritualists are too much inclined to dwell exclusively on the intervention of external spirits in this world of ours, and to ignore the powers of the incarnate Spirit." (Second Sight, "Introduction.") Why vilify and abuse us, then, for saying precisely the same? Henceforward, we will have nothing more to do with Spiritualism. And now let us return to Re-incarnation.

X. Das Wesen des denkenden Prinzips

Das Geheimnis des Ich.

Frag.: In der hier angeführten Bemerkung aus dem «Buddhistischen Katechismus» ist etwas enthalten, was der Aufklärung bedarf. Da wird gesagt, dass die Skandhas — zu denen das Gedächtnis gezählt wird — sich mit jeder neuen Verkörperung ändern. Und doch wird behauptet, dass die Spiegelung der vergangenen Leben, die doch ganz von den Skandhas abhängt, überleben müsse. Soll man klar verstehen, was eigentlich überlebt, so muss dies aufgeklärt werden. Was überlebt? Ist dies nur der «Widerschein», oder die Skandhas, oder immer das gleiche Ich, das Manas?

Theos.: Eben ist auseinandergesetzt worden, dass das sich wiederverkörpernde Prinzip, oder das, was man den göttlichen Menschen nennt, durch den ganzen Lebenszyklus hindurch unzerstörbar ist. Der «Widerschein» ist nur die vergeistigte Erinnerung der Persönlichkeit während der devahanischen Periode, mit dem sich das Ich als Eins erklärt während jener Periode. Da die devahanische Periode nur die Fortsetzung des Erdenlebens ist, gewissermaßen die Blüte und der Gipfel der wenigen glücklichen Augenblicke jenes vergangenen Lebens, so wird das Ich sich für Eins erklären mit dem persönlichen Bewusstsein des Erdendaseins, wenn irgendetwas übrig bleiben soll.

Frag.: Damit wäre dann gemeint, dass das Ich, unbeschadet seiner göttlichen Wesenheit, eine solche Periode zwischen zwei Verkörperungen in einem Zustande geistiger Umnachtung, oder zeitweiligen Irreseins verbringt.

Theos.: Das mag man ansehen, wie man will. Da die Theosophie lehrt, dass außer der Einen Wirklichkeit nichts etwas anderes ist als eine vorübergehende Illusion — das ganze Weltall mit eingeschlossen — so braucht man dies nicht als Irresein zu betrachten, sondern als eine natürliche Entwicklungsfolge des Erdenlebens. Was ist das Leben? Ein Bündel sehr mannigfaltiger Erfahrungen, von täglich sich verändernden Vorstellungen, Willensimpulsen und Meinungen. In unserer Jugend hängen wir oft begeistert einem Ideal an, bekennen uns zu einem Heros, dem wir versuchen nachzufolgen; wenige Jahre später, wenn die Frische unseres jugendlichen Fühlens dahin ist, sind wir die ersten, die über die Phantasiebilder lächeln. Und es gab doch einen Tag, an dem wir unsere eigene Persönlichkeit ganz Eins erklärten mit dem Ideal unserer Seele — besonders wenn es sich um ein lebendes Wesen handelte — sodass wir in dem Ideal uns ganz verloren. Kann man einen Menschen von fünfzig Jahren dasselbe Wesen nennen, das er mit zwanzig war? Der innere Mensch ist derselbe; die äußere lebendige Persönlichkeit ist vollständig verwandelt. Soll man denn auch diese Veränderung des geistigen Zustandes im Menschen Irresein nennen?

Frag.: Wie soll man es nun nennen, und insbesondere wie das Bleibende des einen und das Vorübergehende des andern Zustandes erklären?

Theos.: Für die theosophische Weltauffassung liegt hier keine Schwierigkeit vor. Die Möglichkeit einer Erklärung ergibt sich aus dem zweifachen Bewusstsein unserer Seele, und auch aus dem zweifachen Wesen des denkenden Prinzips. Es gibt ein spirituelles Bewusstsein — die manasische Seele durchleuchtet von dem Lichte der Budhi — welche subjektiv das Geistige wahrnimmt; — und ein empfindendes Bewusstsein, welches unabtrennbar von unserem physischen Gehirn und den Sinnen ist. Dies letztere Bewusstsein ist dem Gehirn und den Sinnen zugeordnet und gehört zu diesen, folglich muss es mit ihnen verschwinden. Nur das spirituelle Bewusstsein, dessen Wurzel im Ewigen liegt, kann überleben und für immer bestehen bleiben. Dies allein also kann als unsterblich angesehen werden. Alles Übrige gehört zu den vergänglichen Illusionen.

Frag.: Was ist in diesem Falle eigentlich unter Illusion zu verstehen?

Theos.: Dies ist sehr gut charakterisiert in dem oben angeführten Aufsatz über das «höhere Selbst», wo der Autor sagt: «Die Theorie, die soeben betrachtet worden ist (der Verkehr zwischen dem höheren Ich und dem niedern Selbst) stimmt sehr gut überein mit der Ansicht von dieser Welt, in der wir leben, als einer Erscheinungs-Welt der Illusion; dagegen ist die geistige Welt andererseits die Welt der Wirklichkeit. Die Welt, in welcher sozusagen die bleibende Seele wurzelt, ist wirklicher als diejenige ist, in welcher die vergänglichen Blüten der Seele für eine kurze Spanne Zeit verweilen, um dann in Teile zu zerfallen, während die Pflanze Kraft sammelt, um sie einer frischen Blüte zuzuführen. Man setze einmal voraus, dass nur die Blüten für die gewöhnlichen Sinne wahrnehmbar seien und dass deren Wurzeln in einem für den Menschen unsichtbaren Zustande seien, dann würden die philosophischen Betrachter einer solchen Welt, die eine Ahnung hätten, dass es solche Wurzeln in einer andern Welt gibt, geneigt sein, zu sagen: die Blumen sind nicht wirklich die Pflanzen; sie haben keine relative Wichtigkeit, sie sind nur die illusionären Erscheinungen des Augenblicks.»

Das ist auch hier gemeint. Die Welt, in welcher die vorübergehenden Blumen der Persönlichkeit leben, ist durchaus nicht die wirkliche; dieser Name kommt vielmehr einzig und allein derjenigen zu, in welcher sich die Wurzel des Bewusstseins findet, jene Wurzel, die über alle Illusion erhaben ist und der Ewigkeit angehört.

Frag.: Was ist mit der Wurzel, welche der Ewigkeit angehört, gemeint?

Theos.: Damit ist die denkende Wesenheit gemeint, das Ich, das sich wiederverkörpert, ob wir es nun als einen Engel, als Geist oder als Kraft ansehen. Von dem unseren sinnlichen Wahrnehmungen Zugänglichen kann nur das des unsterblichen Lebens teilhaftig werden, was mit dieser unsichtbaren Wurzel verknüpft ist. Deswegen muss jeder edle Gedanke, jede Vorstellung oder Bestrebung solcher Art, welche von dieser Wurzel entspringen oder von ihr genährt werden, bleibend sein. Das physische Bewusstsein dagegen muss verschwinden, da es nur eine Eigenschaft des wahrnehmenden oder niederen manasischen Wiederscheins ist — von Kama-Rupa oder dem tierischen Instinkt, der von der niederen manasischen Reflexion oder der menschlichen Seele erleuchtet wird. — Es ist das höhere Bewusstsein, welches tätig ist, während der Körper dem Schlaf oder der Lähmung verfallen ist; das menschliche Gedächtnis verzeichnet diese Tätigkeit nur schwach und ungenau — weil automatisch — und oftmals machen sie auf dasselbe überhaupt keinen Eindruck.

Frag.: Wie ist es aber möglich, dass jenes Manas, das hier «nous», ein Gott genannt wird, so schwach ist während seiner Verkörperung, dass es besiegt, ja gefesselt werden kann?

Theos.: Man könnte dem eine andere Frage entgegensetzen: Wie ist es möglich, dass derjenige, welcher als «Gott der Götter», als der Eine lebendige Gott angesehen wird, so schwach werden kann, um zu gestatten, dass das Böse (oder der Teufel) ebensowohl über ihn als über seine Geschöpfe Macht haben kann, sowohl während er im Himmel verweilt, wie auch während seiner Verkörperung auf Erden? Man wird ja darauf antworten, das sei ein Geheimnis, und dem Menschen sei verboten, die Geheimnisse der Gottheit zu erforschen. Weil es aber in der Theosophie ein solches Verbot nicht gibt, so muss man in ihrem Sinne darauf antworten, dass, außer wenn ein Gott als Avatara herniedersteigt, jegliches göttliche Prinzip verzerrt und gelähmt werden muss durch den zerstörenden tierischen Stoff. In der Welt der Illusionen wird das Unangemessene immer die Oberhand haben über das Angemessene; und es ist für das letztere nicht leicht, sich auf Erden zu behaupten. Geistige und göttliche Kräfte liegen schlummernd in jeglichem menschlichen Wesen; und einen je umfassenderen Kreis spiritueller Anschauung das letztere hat, desto mächtiger wird der Gott in ihm sein. Aber wenige Menschen können diesen Gott wahrnehmen. Und für gewöhnlich ist die Göttlichkeit in unseren Gedanken immer gebunden und begrenzt von früheren Vorstellungen, von Gedanken, die seit der Kindheit von uns aufgenommen worden sind. Aus diesem Grunde ist das Verständnis der Theosophie so schwierig.

Frag.: Und kann unser Ich unser Gott genannt werden?

Theos.: Keineswegs. «Ein Gott» ist nicht die allgemeine göttliche Wesenheit, sondern nur ein Tropfen aus dem Meere des Göttlichen. Der Gott in uns, oder «unser Vater im Verborgenen» ist das, was man das höhere Selbst oder Atma nennt. Unser sich verkörperndes Ich war ein Gott in seinem Ursprunge, gleich allen ursprünglichen Ausströmungen des Einen unerkannten Prinzips. Aber seit seinem «Fall in die Materie» muss es sich durch den Weltkreislauf hindurch immer wieder verkörpern, und so kann es nicht ein freier und glücklicher Gott sein, sondern ein armer Wanderer auf dem Wege, wieder zu gewinnen, was er verloren hat. Man kann darauf auch zur besseren Aufklärung mit dem antworten, was über den inneren Menschen in «Isis Unveiled» steht ($. 593): «Von Urzeit an war die Menschheit immer überzeugt von dem Vorhandensein einer persönlichen spirituellen Wesenheit innerhalb des physischen Menschen. Diese innere Wesenheit galt als mehr oder weniger göttlich, entsprechend seiner Nähe zu seinem Urgrund ... Je geschlossener die Einheit damit, umso besser des Menschen Schicksal, um so ungefährlicher die äußeren Verhältnisse. Dieser Glaube ist weder Abgötterei noch Aberglaube, sondern ein immergegenwärtiges, instinktives Empfinden der Nähe einer anderen und unsichtbaren Welt, welche, obgleich sie für die Sinne des äußeren Menschen subjektiv ist, doch vollkommen objektiv für das innere Ich genannt werden muss. Weiter bestand der Glaube, dass es äußere und innere Bedingungen gibt, welche die Bestimmungsgründe für unseren Willen in Bezug auf unsere Handlungen abgeben. Der Fatalismus wurde verworfen, denn dieser schließt die blinde Wirksamkeit einer blinden Kraft in sich. Aber rege war der Glaube an die Bestimmung (Karma), welcher ein jeder Mensch sich, Faden an Faden, von der Geburt bis zum Tode selbst spinnt, wie die Spinne ihr Netz, und diese Bestimmung wird geleitet von unserem inneren astralen Menschen, der von einigen der Schutzengel genannt wird, aber der nur zu oft auch der böse Genius des fleischlichen Menschen (oder der Persönlichkeit) ist. Beide führen den Menschen; aber einer von ihnen muss die Oberhand gewinnen. Und von dem Beginn des unsichtbaren Kampfes schreitet das unvertilgbare Gesetz des Ausgleiches fort und nimmt seinen Lauf, indem es allen Schwankungen des Kampfes folgt. Wenn der letzte Knoten gewoben ist und der Mensch anscheinend in dem Netzwerk seiner eigenen Taten gefangen ist, dann findet er sich selbst völlig unter der Herrschaft der selbsterzeugten Bestimmung. Entweder befestigt er ihn dann gleich einer wertlosen Hülle an einem unbeweglichen Felsen, oder er trägt ihn empor gleich einer Feder in dem durch die eigenen Handlungen erregten Wirbelwind.» So ist das Schicksal des Menschen, des wahren Ich, nicht des Automaten, der Hülle, die diesen Namen trägt. An diesem Menschen ist es, der Sieger über den Stoff zu werden.

Die zusammengesetzte Wesenheit des Manas

Frag.: Es sollte aber etwas über die wirkliche Wesenheit von Manas und die Beziehungen gesagt werden, welche die Skandhas des physischen Menschen dazu haben.

Theos.: Diese Wesenheit ist geheimnisvoll, wandelbar, sie ist schattenhaft in ihren Beziehungen zu anderen Prinzipien; deshalb ist es so schwierig, sie zu begreifen, und noch schwieriger, sie auseinanderzusetzen. Manas ist Prinzip, und doch ist es eine Wesenheit und Individualität oder Ich. Es ist ein Gott und es ist einem endlosen Kreislauf von Verkörperungen unterworfen; und für eine jede derselben ist es verantwortlich, und für jede hat es zu leiden. All dieses scheint in einen Widerspruch, auch in eine Verwirrung zu führen. Und trotzdem sind in Europa hunderte von Menschen, die dafür ein völliges Verständnis haben, denn sie begreifen das Ich nicht nur in seiner Einheit, sondern auch in seinen verschiedenen Aspekten. Um aber verständlich zu werden, muss auf den Anfang zurückgegangen und das Werden des Ich in Hauptlinien gegeben werden.

Frag.: Es möge geschehen.

Theos.: Man versuche sich einen Geist vorzustellen, eine himmlische Wesenheit, ob man es nun mit diesem, oder einem anderen Namen bezeichnen will. Sie sei göttlich ihrer Natur nach, aber nicht rein genug, um Eins zu sein mit dem All; und folglich ist sie genötigt ihre Natur zu reinigen, wenn sie ihr Ziel erreichen soll. Das kann nur geschehen, wenn sie individuell und persönlich, das heißt spirituell und physisch, durch eine jegliche Erfahrung hindurchgeht und alles miterlebt, was in dem mannigfaltigen Weltall vorhanden ist. Sie muss daher, nachdem sie die Erfahrungen der niederen Naturreiche durchlebt hat und höher und höher gestiegen ist auf der Leiter des Daseins, hindurchgehen durch die möglichen Erlebnisse im Bereiche der menschlichen Welt. In seiner wahren Bedeutung ist es Gedanke, und es wird daher — als Mehrheit gedacht — Manasa Putras oder Söhne des universellen Geistes genannt. Dieser individualisierte Gedanke ist das, was die Theosophie das wirklich menschliche «Ich» nennt, die menschliche Wesenheit, eingeschlossen in eine Hülle von Fleisch und Bein. Das ist sicherlich eine spirituelle Wesenheit, kein Stoff, und solche Wesenheit sind die sich inkarnierenden Ichs, welche das Bündel von Stoff bilden, das man Menschheit nennt, und die sich inkarnierenden Ichs selbst nennt man Manasa-Putras, das sind Seelen. Wenn sie aber einmal verkörpert oder inkarniert sind, dann wird ihre Wesenheit zweifach; es nehmen nämlich die Strahlen des göttlichen Geistes, betrachtet als individuelle Wesenheiten, zwei Attribute an: (a) ihr ihnen ureigenes Kennzeichen, den himmelwärts weisenden Geist oder das höhere Manas, und (b) das menschliche Denkvermögen, die niedere Erkenntnis, das zum Kama neigende niedere Manas. Das erstere strebt Budhi entgegen, das andere neigt sich abwärts zum Sitz der tierischen Begierden und Wünsche. Das letztere hat keine Wurzel im Devahan, noch kann es sich verbinden mit der göttlichen Dreiheit, die als eine Einheit emporsteigt zur geistigen Seligkeit. Doch ist es das Ich, die manasische Wesenheit, die verantwortlich ist für alle Sünden der niederen Glieder, gleichwie die Eltern für die Verfehlungen des Kindes verantwortlich sind, solange dieses unmündig ist.

Frag.: Ist mit dem Kind die Persönlichkeit gemeint?

Theos.: So ist es. Wenn aber behauptet wird, die Persönlichkeit sterbe mit dem Körper, so ist das nicht ganz so. Der Körper, welcher nur das objektive Sinnbild von Herrn X oder Frau Y war, geht zugrunde mit all den materiellen Skandhas, welche der sichtbare Ausdruck davon sind. Aber alles, was während des Lebens die Summe geistiger Erfahrungen ausmachte, alle edlen Bestrebungen, alle unvergänglichen Neigungen, die ganze selbstlose Natur des Herrn X oder der Frau Y bleibt für die ganze devahanische Zeit mit dem Ich verbunden, und das Ich ist Eins mit dem geistigen Teil der irdischen Wesenheit, das vom irdischen Schauplatz dann verschwunden ist. Der Schauspieler ist so durchdrungen von seiner Rolle, die er zuletzt gespielt hat, dass er davon während der ganzen devahanischen Nacht träumt, und diese Vision setzt sich fort, bis die Stunde seiner Rückkehr in das Leben gekommen ist, und er in einem andern Stück spielen soll.

Frag.: Aber warum hat diese Lehre, da doch behauptet wird, sie sei so alt als die denkende Menschheit, keinen Platz gefunden innerhalb des Christentums?

Theos.: Es wäre ein Missverständnis, dies zu glauben, denn sie hat ihn; nur die Theologie hat sie bis zur Unkenntlichkeit entstellt, wie sie das auch mit anderen Lehren getan hat. Die Theologie nennt das Ich den Engel, den uns Gott im Augenblicke der Geburt gibt, damit er Sorge für uns trage. Statt dass nun die theologische Logik diesen Engel für die Verfehlungen der armen Seele verantwortlich machte, macht sie die letztere verantwortlich für alle Sünden des Leibes und des Geistes. Es ist die Seele, der übersinnliche Atem Gottes und seine Schöpfung, die durch eine unbegreifliche geistige Täuschung verurteilt ist in einer materiellen Hölle geboren zu werden, und für immer in deren Flammen zu lodern, während der Engel ungestraft entschlüpft, während er seine weißen Flügel entfaltet und mit einigen Tränen benetzt hat. Dies sind unsere helfenden Geister, die «Diener der Gnade», welche gesandt sind, wie der Bischof Mant sich ausdrückt:

«... zu wirken Gutes für der Erlösung Erben,
zu trauern, wenn in Sünde sie fallen,
zu jubeln, wenn sie wieder bereuen.»

Aber es ist klar, dass wenn alle Bischöfe der Welt gefragt würden, ein für alle Mal bestimmt zu erklären, was sie unter Seele und deren Tätigkeit eigentlich verstehen, so würden sie unfähig sein, dies zu tun, auch könnten sie keinen Schatten von Logik in dem orthodoxen Glauben nachweisen.

Diese Wahrheit wird im Johannes-Evangelium gelehrt

Frag.: Darauf könnten wohl die Bekenner dieses Glaubens antworten, dass, wenn das orthodoxe Dogma auch dem unbußfertigen Sünder und Materialisten eine schlimme Zeit in einer allzu realistischen Hölle in Aussicht stellt, sie ihm doch auf der andern Seite bis zum letzten Augenblick die Möglichkeit der Reue gibt. Überdies lehrt sie nicht die Vernichtung, wenigstens nicht der Persönlichkeit, was ja schließlich doch dasselbe ist.

Theos.: Wenn auch die Kirche dergleichen nicht lehrt, so tut es doch Jesus; und dies kommt doch in Betracht, wenigstens für jene, welche Christus höher stellen als das Christentum.

Frag.: Lehrt denn Christus wirklich etwas Derartiges?

Theos.: Das tut er; und jeder unterrichtete Okkultist oder Kabbalist kann das bestätigen. Christus oder zum mindesten das vierte Evangelium lehrt die Wiederverkörperung und nicht minder die Vernichtung der Persönlichkeit, wenn man sie nur nicht dem toten Buchstaben nach, sondern dem lebendigen Geiste nach verstehen will. Man erinnere sich nur der Verse 1 und 2 im 15. Kapitel des Johannes. Wovon sollte jenes Gleichnis handeln, wenn nicht von der oberen Dreiheit des Menschen? Atma ist der «Weingärtner» — das spirituelle Ich, oder Budhi (Christos) der «Weinstock» — wogegen die niedere Seele, oder die Persönlichkeit, der «Zweig» ist. «Ich bin der wahre Weinstock, und mein Vater ist der Weingärtner. Jeder Zweig, der nicht Frucht trägt, wird ausgerissen ... Wie der Zweig nicht durch sich selbst Frucht tragen kann, wenn er nicht am Weinstock verbleibt; also könnt auch ihr nicht Frucht tragen, wenn ihr nicht in mir verbleibt. Ich bin der Weinstock; ihr seid die Zweige ... Wenn ein Mensch nicht in mir bleibt, so wird er weggeworfen wie ein Zweig, und verdorret» — man übergibt sie dem Feuer und sie verbrennen.

Die Theosophie gibt davon folgende Erklärung: Sie glaubt nicht an das höllische Feuer, welches nach theologischer Entdeckung den Zweigen in Aussicht gestellt wird; sie sagt, dass mit dem «Weingärtner» Atma gemeint ist, das Sinnbild für das unendliche unpersönliche Prinzip, während der Weinstock auf die spirituelle Seele deutet, auf den Christus, und jeder Zweig stellt eine neue Inkarnation dar.

Frag.: Aber welche Beweise sind für solch eine willkürliche Auslegung vorhanden?

Theos.: Die allgemein geltende Lehre von den Sinnbildern ist eine Bürgschaft dafür, dass es sich um eine korrekte, nicht um eine willkürliche Auslegung handelt. Hermas sagt von «Gott», dass er «den Weinstock pflanzte», d.h. den Menschen schuf. In der Kabbala wird dargestellt, wie der «Alte der Alten» oder das «lange Angesicht» einen Weinberg pflanzte, was eine bildliche Darstellung für die Menschheit ist, während der «Weinstock» eine solche für das Leben ist. Der Geist des «König Messias» ist daher dargestellt, als wasche er seine Kleider in «dem Wein» von oben, von der Erschaffung der Welt an (Zohar, 11, 10). Und König Messias ist das Ich, das «seine Kleider gereinigt hat» — das heißt: seine Persönlichkeit durch die Wiedergeburt — in dem «Wein von oben», oder Budhi. Adam oder A-dam ist «Blut». Das Leben des Fleisches ist in dem Blute — nephesch, Seele (Leviticus, 17). Und Adam Kadmon ist der EinzigGeborene. Auch Noah pflanzte einen Weinberg — der allegorische Keim der künftigen Menschheit. Folgerichtig finden wir diese Allegorie wieder im Codex Nazarenus. Sieben Weinstöcke werden erzeugt, was unsere sieben Rassen anzeigt mit ihren sieben Erlösern oder Buddhas. Diese sieben Weinstöcke entspringen aus Jukabar Zivo, und Aebel Zivo bewässert sie. (Codex Nazarenus, Liber Adami appellatusa Matth. Norberg, 3, 60, 61.) Wenn die Gesegneten aufsteigen werden zum Quell des Lichtes, so werden sie Javar Zivo, den Herrn des Lebens schauen und den ersten Weinstock (ebenda 11, 281). So sind die kabbalistischen Metaphern einfach wiederholt im Evangelium des Johannes.

Man sollte nicht vergessen, dass auch von jenen Denkern, die nichts wissen wollen von der siebengliedrigen Menschennatur, das Ich oder das denkende Prinzip der Logos oder der «Sohn» von Seele und Geist genannt wird. «Manas» ist der Adoptivsohn des Königs — und der Königin — (was esoterisch gleichbedeutend mit Atma und Budhi ist) sagt ein okkultes Werk. Von Plato wird er der Gottmensch genannt, der sich selbst im «Raume» kreuzigt, das ist während der Dauer des Lebenszyklus, zur Erlösung der Materie. Dies tut er durch immer wieder und wiederkehrende Verkörperung, indem er so die Menschheit aufwärts zur Vollkommenheit leitet; auf diese Art erhalten die niederen Formen Platz, um sich in höhere zu verwandeln. Nicht in einem Leben vermag er sich selbst und der ganzen physischen Natur zum Fortschritt zu verhelfen, selbst die nicht oft vorkommende Tatsache, dass er eine seiner Persönlichkeiten verliert, weil diese auch nicht einen Funken von Spiritualität hat, würde ihm nur zum Fortschritt gereichen.

Frag.: Sicherlich müsste aber doch das Ich, da es doch verantwortlich ist für die Verfehlungen der Persönlichkeit, auch an den Folgen des Verlustes, oder der gänzlichen Vernichtung der Persönlichkeit zu leiden haben.

Theos.: Das hat sie nicht; ausgenommen den einen Fall, es hätte nichts getan, um dieses schlimme Schicksal abzuwenden. Aber wenn aller Anstrengungen ungeachtet seine Stimme, nämlich diejenige des menschlichen Gewissens, unfähig war, den Wall der Materie zu durchdringen, dann wird die Stumpfheit der letzteren, welche von der unvollkommenen Natur des Materiellen herrührt, als ein Fehler der Natur bezeichnet. Das Ich ist dann genügend durch den Verlust des Devahan bestraft, und besonders dadurch, dass es fast unmittelbar darauf sich wieder inkarnieren muss.

Frag.: Diese Lehre von dem Verlust einer Persönlichkeit — wie dies genannt wird — streitet nicht minder gegen die ideale Theorie der Christen wie gegen diejenige der Spiritualisten, obgleich Swedenborg sie in einer gewissen Weise angenommen hat, da wo er von dem «spirituellen Tod» spricht. Weder Christen noch Spiritualisten werden sie jemals annehmen.

Theos.: Dies kann doch sicher nicht ein Faktum der Natur ändern, vorausgesetzt, dass es sich um ein solches handelt, auch kann natürlich dergleichen gelegentlich vorkommen. Das Weltall und ein jedes Ding in demselben, jegliches moralische, geistige, physische, seelische, oder spirituelle, steht unter einem vollkommenen Gesetz der Harmonie und des Gleichgewichtes. Schon in «Isis Unveiled» ist dargelegt worden, wie die zentripetale Kraft sich niemals ohne die zentrifugale offenbaren könne in den harmonischen Umwälzungen der Sphären, und dass alle Formen und der Fortschritt solcher Formen hervorgebracht werde durch diese duale Kraft der Natur. Nun ist der Geist oder Budhi die zentrifugale, und die Seele oder Manas die zentripetale Kraft der Natur; und um ein Ergebnis zu haben, müssen sie in vollkommener Übereinstimmung und Harmonie sein. Man zerbreche oder beschädige die zentripetale Bewegung der irdischen Seele, welche zu dem Zentrum hinstrebt, das sie anzieht, hemme ihren Fortschritt, indem du ein größeres Gewicht von Materie anhängst als sie zu tragen vermag, oder als für ihren devahanischen Zustand geeignet ist, und die Harmonie des Ganzen wird zerstört sein. Das persönliche Leben oder vielmehr dessen idealer Widerschein kann nur fortgesetzt werden, wenn diese zweifache Kraft unterhalten wird; das heißt durch die geschlossene Vereinigung von Budhi und Manas in jeder Wiedergeburt oder in jedem persönlichen Leben. Die geringste Abweichung von der Harmonie beschädigt sie; und wenn sie ganz zerstört ist, so trennen sich die beiden Kräfte im Augenblick des Todes. Während eines kurzen Zeitraumes wird die persönliche Form — die man, ohne weiter zu unterscheiden, Kama-Rupa und Majavi-Rupa nennt —, deren spiritueller Ausfluss mit dem Ich nach Devahan geht, und der unvergänglichen Individualität ihre persönliche Färbung gibt — nach Kama Loca geführt, um dort nach und nach vernichtet zu werden. Denn nach dem Tode tritt für den durchaus Verlorenen und für den Ungeistigen und Bösen der eigentliche kritische Augenblick ein. Wenn während des Lebens die letzte und verzweifelte Anstrengung vereitelt wird, etwas von der Persönlichkeit mit dem inneren Selbst (Manas) zu vereinigen, und mit dem leuchtenden Strahl der göttlichen Budhi, wenn dieser Strahl mehr und mehr ausgelöscht wird durch die zu dicke Kruste des physischen Gehirns, dann verbleibt das spirituelle Ich oder Manas, nachdem es einmal vom Körper getrennt ist, auch ganz gesondert von dem ätherischen Rest der Persönlichkeit, und die letztere oder Kama Rupa folgt ihren irdischen Anziehungen; sie wird in den Hades, den die Theosophie Kama Loca nennt, geführt. Dies sind die «verdorrten Zweige», von denen Jesus sagt, dass sie vom Weinstocke abgeschnitten werden. Die Vernichtung, wie immer sie sich auch gestalten mag, ist niemals eine augenblickliche; sie mag wohl, um eine vollständige zu sein, Jahrhunderte in Anspruch nehmen; aber daselbst verbleibt die Persönlichkeit mit den Resten anderer glücklicherer persönlicher Ichs, und wird mit ihnen eine «Schale» oder ein Elementarwesen. Wie in Isis Unveiled bereits gesagt worden ist, gibt es diese beiden Arten von «Geistern», die Schalen und Elementarwesen als hauptsächlichste Offenbarungen in spiritistischen Sitzungen. Und es ist gewiss, dass nicht sie es sind, die sich wieder als Mensch verkörpern; und deswegen wissen so wenige dieser «teuren Hingeschiedenen» etwas von Wiederverkörperung und bringen daher in Spiritistenkreisen Missverständnisse hervor.

Frag.: Wurde nicht aber von dem Autor von «Isis Unveiled» selbst gesagt, dass er gegen die Wiederverkörperung geschrieben habe?

Theos.: So ist es; aber nur für diejenigen, welche missverstanden haben, was gesagt worden ist. In der Zeit, als jenes Werk geschrieben worden ist, glaubten weder die englischen noch die amerikanischen Spiritisten an eine Wiederverkörperung, und was dort gesagt worden ist, richtet sich gegen die französischen Spiritisten, deren Theorie ebenso unphilosophisch und unmöglich, wie diejenige der östlichen Weltanschauungen logisch und augenscheinlich ist. Die Anhänger der Allen Kardecischen Anschauung glauben an eine willkürliche und unmittelbare Wiederverkörperung. Im Sinne ihrer Lehre kann sich der tote Vater in seiner eigenen oder nicht geborenen Tochter wiederverkörpern, und was dergleichen mehr ist. Sie kennen kein Devahan, kein Karma, auch haben sie keine philosophische Theorie, welche die Notwendigkeit der sich folgenden Wiederverkörperungen rechtfertigen würde. Aber wie könnte der Autor von «Isis Unveiled» gegen die karmische Wiederverkörperung sich wenden, da dies doch die fundamentale Lehre aller Buddhisten und Hindus ist, sofern sie in einem Zeitabstand von 1000 oder 1500 Jahren gedacht wird.

Frag.: Dann wird also von Seiten der Theosophie die Theorie der Spiritisten ganz und gar verworfen?

Theos.: Nicht ganz und gar, sondern nur in Beziehung auf ihre hauptsächlichsten Glaubenssätze. Sowohl die französischen wie die englischen Spiritisten glauben, was ihre Geister ihnen sagen; aber beide Richtungen unterscheiden sich von einander mindestens ebenso stark, wie die Theosophen von ihnen beiden. Die Wahrheit ist nur eine einzige; und wenn man hört, dass die französischen Spiritisten ihre Spukgeister die Wiederverkörperung predigen lassen, die englischen Spukgeister sie aber leugnen, so muss gesagt werden, dass entweder die französischen oder die englischen «Spirits» nicht wissen, was sie behaupten. Die Theosophie nimmt ebenso wie die Spiritisten die Existenz von Geistern an; oder von unsichtbaren Wesen mit mehr oder weniger Intelligenz. Aber während für die Theosophie ihre Arten Legion ist, lassen unsere Gegner nur eine einzige Art zu, nämlich menschliche entkörperte Geister, welche nach der theosophischen Erkenntnis zumeist nichts anderes sind als kamalokische Schalen.

Frag.: Da scheint die Theosophie doch schr gegen Geister eingenommen zu sein. Nachdem hier die Gesichtspunkte, welche gegen den Glauben an die Materialisation von entkörperten Menschen oder an einen Verkehr mit ihnen in spiritistischen Sitzungen sprechen, auseinandergesetzt worden sind, bedarf es noch einer Aufklärung nach einer gewissen Richtung. Warum betonen einige Theosophen immer wieder, wie gefährlich der Verkehr mit Geistern und die Mediumschaft ist? Gibt es dafür besondere Gründe?

Theos.: Das ist wohl vorauszusetzen. Wer lange mit diesen unsichtbaren, aber nur zu fühlbaren Einflüssen zu tun gehabt hat, von den bewussten Elementarwesen und Schalen bis zu dem ganz sinnlosen und unbeschreiblichen Spuk abwärts, der hat ein gewisses Recht, die angedeutete Warnung auszusprechen.

Frag.: Ist es möglich, einige Andeutungen darüber zu geben, warum solche Dinge gefährlich sind?

Theos.: Dies würde eine sehr ausführliche Darlegung erfordern. Man muss eine jede Sache nach den Wirkungen beurteilen, die sie hervorbringt. Man gehe die Geschichte des Spiritismus in den letzten fünf Jahren, seit seinem Wiedererwachen in Amerika, durch und man beurteile danach, ob er seinen Anhängern mehr Nutzen als Schaden gebracht hat. Man muss dies nur richtig verstehen. Es soll gar nicht gegen den wirklichen Spiritismus gesprochen werden, sondern gegen jene moderne Bewegung, welche diesen Namen trägt, und gegen die sogenannte Philosophie, welche erfunden worden ist, um die Phänomene zu erklären.

Frag.: Soll denn gar nicht an diese Phänomene geglaubt werden?

Theos.: Eben weil mit gutem Grunde daran geglaubt werden soll, und weil sie ebenso wirklich sind, wie nur irgend eine sinnliche Erscheinung — abgesehen von einigen Fällen von bewusstem Betrug — muss sich der Einsichtige gegen den gekennzeichneten Spiritismus wenden. Es soll nochmals betont werden, dass hier nur von physischen, nicht von geistigen oder psychischen Phänomenen die Rede ist. Gleiches zieht Gleiches an sich. Es gab einige hochherzige gute Männer und Frauen, welche Jahre ihres Lebens unter der direkten Führung hoher Geister und unter deren Schutz zugebracht haben, sowohl entkörperten Menschen wie planetarischen Geistern. Aber diese Intelligenzen sind nicht von der Art des «John King» oder «Ernest», welche in Sitzungszimmern erscheinen. Diese Intelligenzen führen und kontrollieren Sterbliche nur in den seltensten Fällen, ausnahmsweise solche, zu welchen sie durch deren karmische Vergangenheit hingezogen werden. Es genügt nicht, einfach zu sitzen und auf die Enthüllung zu warten, damit sie angezogen werden. Das öffnet nur einer Herde von Spukgeistern das Tor, guten, bösen und gleichgültigen, deren Sklave dann das Medium sein ganzes Leben hindurch werden kann. Gegen solche wahllose Mediumschaft muss man seine Stimme erheben, nicht gegen geistige Mystik. Die letztere ist veredelnd und heilig; die erstere ist von der Art wie die Erscheinungen, die zwei Jahrhunderte vorher zu den Verfolgungen so vieler Hexen und Zauberer geführt haben. Man lese Glanvil und andere Autoren über das Hexenwesen, und man wird da die gleichen Erscheinungen, wenigstens zu den meisten, wenn auch nicht zu allen physischen des modernen Spiritismus, finden.

Frag.: Soll damit gesagt werden, dass man es dabei nur mit Hexerei zu tun habe und mit nichts weiter?

Theos.: Allerdings ist, ob bewusst oder unbewusst, dieser Verkehr mit Toten nur eine Art Zauberei und eine sehr gefährliche Sache. Lange Zeit vor Moses haben alle intelligenten Völker solche Auferweckung von Toten als sündhaft bezeichnet, da es nicht nur die Ruhe der Toten stört, sondern auch ihre Weiterentwicklung in höhere Zustände beeinträchtigt. Alle Weisheit der vergangenen Jahrhunderte ist in der Verurteilung dieser Praktiken übereinstimmend. Endlich muss immer wieder und wieder wiederholt werden: während einige dieser «Geister nicht wissen, was sie reden», und nur sinnloses Zeug schwätzen, sind andere äußerst gefährlich, und können zum Bösen führen. Das ergibt zwei augenfällige Tatsachen. Man gehe in spiritistische Kreise von Allen Kardecs Schule, da wird man Geister finden, welche die Wiedergeburt behaupten und gleich römisch-katholisch erzogenen Menschen sprechen. Wendet man sich dagegen an die teuren Entschlafenen in Amerika, so wird man finden, dass diese die Wiedergeburt leugnen und wie Protestanten sprechen. Die besten, die erfolgreichsten Medien haben alle in Bezug auf geistige und körperliche Gesundheit Schaden genommen. Man denke an das traurige Ende von Charles Foster, welcher in einem Irrenhaus als Tobsüchtiger starb; an Slade, der epileptisch wurde; an Eglington — gegenwärtig das beste Medium in England — der ebenfalls daran leidet. Man blicke zurück auf das Leben von D. D. Home, eines Mannes, dessen Seele voll war von Galle und Verbitterung, der niemals ein gutes Wort an einen andern richtete, welcher ebenfalls psychische Kräfte hatte, und der jedes Medium verleumdete. Dieser Calvin des Spiritismus litt viele Jahre hindurch an einer schrecklichen Rückgratkrankheit, die er sich aus seinem Verkehr mit Geistern geholt hatte, und er starb vollkommen siech. Man denke ferner an das furchtbare Schicksal des armen Washington Irving Bishop. Er war zweifellos ein Medium. Richtig ist, dass der arme Mensch seinen «Geistern» untreu wurde, indem er sie als unwillkürliche Muskelbewegungen bezeichnete, zum großen Entzücken aller gelehrten und wissenschaftlichen Narren, und zum besten Nutzen seiner eigenen Tasche. Aber — man soll den Toten nichts Übles nachreden — sein Ende war ein schlimmes. Er hatte seine epileptischen Anfälle — das erste und stärkste Symptom wirklicher Mediumschaft — sorgfältig geheim gehalten, und man kann nicht wissen, ob er wirklich tot war, oder nur einen Anfall hatte, als man ihn daraufhin untersuchte, ob er tot sei. Seine Verwandten bestehen darauf, dass er lebte, wenn Reuters Telegrammen zu glauben ist. Endlich denke man an die ältesten Medien, die Begründer und ersten Verbreiter des modernen Spiritismus, die Geschwister Fox. Nach mehr als vierzigjährigem Umgang mit «Engeln», sind sie unheilbare Dummköpfe geworden, welche ihr eigenes Werk in öffentlichen Vorträgen als Betrügerei brandmarken. Man muss doch fragen, was für Geister müssen das sein, die solches bewirken?

Frag.: Ist diese Schlussfolgerung aber richtig?

Theos.: Was würde man darüber denken, wenn die besten Schüler einer besonderen Gesangschule zusammenbrächen wegen Überanstrengung ihrer Kehle? Doch zweifellos, dass die Gesangsmethode eine schlechte war. Der gleiche Einwand muss doch wohl gegen den Spiritismus gemacht werden, wenn es sich zeigt, dass die besten Medien solch einem Schicksal verfallen. Man kann nur sagen, diejenigen, welche an der Frage interessiert sind, mögen die Bäume an ihren Früchten erkennen, und dann über die empfangene Lektion nachdenken. Die Theosophen haben die Spiritisten immer als Brüder betrachtet, welche die gleiche mystische Tendenz wie sie selbst haben; aber sie sind von jenen immer als Feinde angesehen worden. Die Theosophen, welche im Besitz einer älteren Philosophie sind, haben stets versucht, den Spiritisten zu helfen und sie zu warnen, diese aber haben stets die Absichten verkannt und verleumdet. Nichtsdestoweniger sagen die besten englischen Spiritisten nichts anderes als die Theosophen, sobald sie ihren Glauben ernstlich untersuchen. Man höre, was in dieser Beziehung M. A. Oxon sagt: «Die Spiritisten neigen viel zu sehr dazu, sich stets an äußere Geister zu wenden, und sie verlieren den inkarnierten Geist mit seinen Kräften aus dem Auge.» (Second Sight, Einleitung.) — Warum beschimpft man die Theosophen, wenn sie das Gleiche sagen? Nun soll zur Besprechung der Wiederverkörperung zurückgekehrt werden.

Automated Retranslation

X. The Nature of the Thinking Principle

The Mystery of the Ego.

Question: The following remark from the Buddhist Catechism contains something that needs to be explained. It says that the skandhas – which include memory – change with each new embodiment. And yet it is asserted that the reflection of past lives, which depends entirely on the skandhas, must survive. If one is to understand clearly what actually survives, this must be explained. What survives? Is it only the “reflection”, or the skandhas, or always the same ego, the manas?

Theos.: It has just been explained that the re-embodied principle, or that which is called the divine man, is indestructible throughout the entire cycle of life. The “reflection” is only the spiritualized memory of the personality during the devahanic period, with which the ego declares itself to be one during that period. Since the devahanic period is only the continuation of earthly life, so to speak the bloom and the summit of the few happy moments of that past life, the ego will declare itself to be one with the personal consciousness of earthly existence, if anything at all is to remain.

Frag.: This would then mean that the ego, regardless of its divine essence, spends such a period between two embodiments in a state of mental derangement or temporary insanity.

Theos.: You can look at it whichever way you like. Since Theosophy teaches that apart from the One Reality nothing is anything other than a temporary illusion – including the whole universe – you need not regard this as madness, but as a natural developmental sequence of earthly life. What is life? A bundle of very diverse experiences, of daily changing ideas, will impulses and opinions. In our youth, we often enthusiastically cling to an ideal, professing a hero whom we try to follow; a few years later, when the freshness of our youthful feeling has gone, we are the first to smile at the fantasy images. And yet there was a day when we declared our own personality to be completely one with the ideal of our soul – especially when it was a living being – so that we completely lost ourselves in that ideal. Can a person of fifty be called the same being that he was at twenty? The inner man is the same; the outer living personality is completely transformed. Should this change of the spiritual state in man also be called madness?

Frag.: How should one call it now, and in particular how can one explain what remains of the one state and what is temporary in the other?

Theos.: There is no difficulty for the theosophical world view here. The possibility of an explanation arises from the twofold consciousness of our soul, and also from the twofold nature of the thinking principle. There is a spiritual consciousness - the manasic soul illuminated by the light of the budhi - which subjectively perceives the spiritual; - and a sentient consciousness, which is inseparable from our physical brain and senses. This latter consciousness is associated with the brain and senses and belongs to them, consequently it must disappear with them. Only the spiritual consciousness, whose root lies in the Eternal, can survive and remain forever. This alone, therefore, can be considered immortal. Everything else belongs to the transient illusions.

Question: What is actually meant by illusion in this case?

Theos.: This is very well characterized in the above-mentioned essay on the “higher self”, where the author says: “The theory that has just been considered (the interaction between the higher self and the lower self) corresponds very well with the view of this world in which we live as a world of illusion; on the other hand, the spiritual world is the world of reality. The world in which, so to speak, the enduring soul is rooted is more real than the one in which the transient blossoms of the soul dwell for a short span of time, then disintegrating into parts while the plant gathers strength to supply it with fresh blossoming. “Suppose that only the flowers are perceptible to the ordinary senses and that their roots are in a state invisible to man; then the philosophical observers of such a world, who have a presentiment that such roots exist in another world, would be inclined to say: the flowers are not really the plants; they have no relative importance, they are only the illusory phenomena of the moment."

This is also meant here. The world in which the fleeting flowers of personality live is by no means the real one; that name is reserved solely for the world in which the root of consciousness is found, that root which is above all illusion and belongs to eternity.

Frag.: What is meant by the root that belongs to eternity?

Theos.: By this is meant the thinking entity, the I, which re-embodies itself, whether we regard it as an angel, as a spirit or as a power. Of that which is accessible to our sensory perceptions, only that which is connected to this invisible root can partake of immortal life. Therefore, every noble thought, every idea or aspiration of such a kind, which arises from this root or is nourished by it, must remain. The physical consciousness, on the other hand, must disappear, since it is only a property of the perceiving or lower manasic reflection – of Kama-Rupa or the animal instinct, which is illuminated by the lower manasic reflection or the human soul. It is the higher consciousness that is active while the body is asleep or paralyzed; human memory records this activity only weakly and inaccurately – because it is automatic – and often makes no impression on it at all.

Frag.: But how is it possible that this Manas, which is called “nous” here, is called a god, is so weak during its embodiment that it can be defeated, even bound?

Theos.: One could counter this with another question: How is it possible that the One who is considered the “God of gods”, the One Living God, can become so weak as to allow evil (or the devil) to have power over him as well as over his creatures, both while he dwells in heaven and while he is incarnated on earth? The answer will be that it is a secret, and that it is forbidden for man to probe the secrets of the Godhead. But since there is no such prohibition in theosophy, the correct answer is that, unless a god descends as an avatar, every divine principle must be distorted and paralyzed by the destructive animal substance. In the world of illusions, the inadequate will always prevail over the adequate; and it is not easy for the latter to assert itself on earth. Spiritual and divine powers lie dormant in every human being; and the broader the circle of spiritual vision, the more powerful will be the God in him. But few people can perceive this God. And usually, the divinity in our thoughts is always bound and limited by previous ideas, by thoughts that have been absorbed by us since childhood. For this reason, theosophy is so difficult to understand.

Frag.: And can our ego be called our God?

Theos.: Not at all. “A god” is not the general divine essence, but only a drop from the sea of the divine. The God in us, or “our Father in secret” is what is called the higher self or Atma. Our incarnating ego was a god in its origin, like all original emanations of the One unrecognized Principle. But since its “fall into matter” it has to incarnate again and again through the cycle of the world, and so it cannot be a free and happy god, but a poor wanderer on the way to regain what it has lost. One can also answer this with the information about the inner man in “Isis Unveiled” ($. 593): “From time immemorial, mankind has always been convinced of the presence of a personal spiritual being within the physical man. This inner being was considered to be more or less divine, according to its proximity to its source... The more complete the unity with it, the better the person's fate, the less dangerous the external circumstances. This belief is neither idolatry nor superstition, but an ever-present, instinctive sense of the proximity of another and invisible world, which, although subjective to the senses of the external man, must be called completely objective to the inner self. Furthermore, there was the belief that there are external and internal conditions that determine our will in relation to our actions. Fatalism was rejected because it implies the blind efficacy of a blind force. But the belief in destiny (karma) was strong, which every human being spins for himself, thread by thread, from birth to death, like a spider spinning its web. This destiny is guided by our inner astral being, which some call the guardian angel, but which all too often is also the evil genius of the carnal being (or personality). Both guide man; but one of them must gain the upper hand. And from the beginning of the unseen struggle, the indestructible law of compensation proceeds and runs its course, following all the fluctuations of the fight. When the last knot is woven and man seems to be trapped in the network of his own actions, then he finds himself completely under the rule of self-generated destiny. Either he fastens it like a worthless shell to an immovable rock, or he carries it aloft like a feather in the whirlwind aroused by his own actions.” Such is the fate of man, of the true self, not of the automaton, the shell that bears that name. It is up to man to become the victor over matter.

The composite entity of manas

Question: But something should be said about the real essence of manas and the relationships that the skandhas of the physical man have to it.

Theos.: This entity is mysterious, changeable, shadowy in its relations to other principles; that is why it is so difficult to grasp it and even more difficult to describe it. Manas is a principle, and yet it is an entity and individuality or ego. It is a god and is subject to an endless cycle of incarnations; and for each of these it is responsible and for each it has to suffer. All this seems to lead to contradiction and confusion. And yet there are hundreds of people in Europe who have a complete understanding of this, because they grasp the ego not only in its unity but also in its various aspects. But to be understood, one must go back to the beginning and describe the development of the ego in its main lines.

Frag.: It may happen.

Theos.: Try to imagine a spirit, a heavenly being, whether you want to call it by that name or some other. It is divine in nature, but not pure enough to be one with the universe; and consequently it is compelled to purify its nature if it is to achieve its goal. This can only happen if it passes individually and personally, that is, spiritually and physically, through every experience and witnesses everything that exists in the manifold universe. Therefore, after having passed through the experiences of the lower kingdoms of nature and having risen higher and higher on the ladder of existence, it must pass through the possible experiences in the realm of the human world. In its true meaning it is thought, and it is therefore called – as the majority think – Manasa Putras or Sons of the Universal Mind. This individualized thought is what Theosophy calls the truly human “I”, the human entity enclosed in a shell of flesh and bone. This is certainly a spiritual entity, not a material one, and such entities are the incarnating “I's” that form the bundle of material called humanity, and the incarnating “I's” themselves are called Manasa-Putras, that is, souls. But once they are embodied or incarnated, their being becomes twofold; namely, the rays of the Divine Spirit, regarded as individual entities, take on two attributes: (a) their own distinctive attribute, the spirit or higher mind, which is turned towards heaven, and (b) the human faculty of thought, the lower knowledge, the lower manas, which tends towards Kama. The former strives towards Budhi, the latter descends to the seat of animal desires and cravings. The latter has no root in the Devahan, nor can it connect with the divine trinity, which rises as one unit to spiritual bliss. Yet it is the ego, the manasic entity, that is responsible for all sins of the lower limbs, just as parents are responsible for the transgressions of the child, as long as the child is underage.

Frag.: Does the child refer to the personality?

Theos.: That is correct. But if it is asserted that the personality dies with the body, then that is not quite so. The body, which was only the objective symbol of Mr. X or Mrs. Y, perishes with all the material skandhas, which are the visible expression of it. But everything that made up the sum of spiritual experiences during life, all noble aspirations, all imperishable inclinations, the whole selfless nature of Mr. X or Mrs. Y remains connected with the ego for the whole devahanic time, and the ego is one with the spiritual part of the earthly entity, which then disappears from the earthly scene. The actor is so imbued with the character he has played last that he dreams of it throughout the devahanic night, and this vision continues until the hour of his return to life has come, and he is to play in another play.

Frag.: But why has this teaching, since it is claimed that it is as old as thinking humanity, not found a place within Christianity?

Theos.: It would be a misunderstanding to believe this, because it has him; only theology has distorted it beyond recognition, as it has done with other teachings. Theology calls the ego the angel that God gives us at the moment of birth to take care of us. Instead of theological logic blaming this angel for the transgressions of the poor soul, it blames the latter for all the sins of the body and spirit. It is the soul, the supersensible breath of God and His creation, which, through an incomprehensible spiritual deception, is condemned to be born into a material hell and to burn forever in its flames, while the angel escapes with impunity, having spread his white wings and wetted them with a few tears. These are our helping spirits, the “ministers of grace,” who are sent, as Bishop Mant puts it:

“... to do good for the heirs of salvation,
to grieve when they fall into sin,
to rejoice when they repent again.”

But it is clear that if all the bishops of the world were asked to explain once and for all what they actually mean by soul and its activity, they would be unable to do so, nor could they demonstrate any shred of logic in the Orthodox faith.

This truth is taught in the Gospel of John

Frag.: The confessors of this faith could well answer that, even if orthodox dogma holds out the prospect of a terrible time in an all-too-realistic hell for the unrepentant sinner and materialist, it nevertheless gives him the opportunity to repent until the last moment. Besides, it does not teach annihilation, at least not of the personality, which is ultimately the same thing.

Theos.: Even if the Church does not teach such things, Jesus does; and this is important, at least for those who place Christ above Christianity.

Questioner.: Does Christ really teach such things?

Theos.: He does; and any instructed occultist or Kabbalist can confirm this. Christ, or at least the Fourth Gospel, teaches re-embodiment and no less the annihilation of personality, if it be understood, not in the letter of the dead letter, but in the living spirit. One has only to recall the verses 1 and 2 of the 15th chapter of St. John. What should that parable be about, if not about the upper trinity of man? Atma is the “vinedresser” - the spiritual ego, or Budhi (Christos) is the “vine” - whereas the lower soul, or personality, is the “branch”. “I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser. Every branch that does not bear fruit will be pulled up... As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you unless you abide in me. I am the vine; you are the branches... If a man does not abide in me, he is cast out as a branch and withers away” — they are handed over to the fire and they burn.

The theosophical explanation is as follows: the theosophical doctrine does not believe in the infernal fire that, according to the theological discovery, is promised to the branches; it says that by the “vinedresser” is meant the Atma, the symbol of the infinite impersonal Principle, while the Vine points to the spiritual Soul, to the Christ, and each branch represents a new incarnation.

Question: But what proof is there for such an arbitrary interpretation?

Theos.: The generally accepted doctrine of symbols is a guarantee that this is a correct, not an arbitrary interpretation. Hermas says of “God” that he “planted the vine,” i.e., created man. In the Kabbalah, it is depicted how the “Ancient of the Ancients” or the “Long Face” planted a vineyard, which is a figurative representation of humanity, while the “vine” is one of life. The spirit of the “King Messiah” is therefore depicted as washing his garments in “the wine” from above, from the creation of the world (Zohar, 11, 10). And King Messiah is the I that has “washed his garments” - that is, has purified his personality through rebirth - in the “wine from above,” or Budhi. Adam or A-dam is “blood.” The life of the flesh is in the blood - nephesch, soul (Leviticus, 17). And Adam Kadmon is the Only-Begotten. Noah, too, planted a vineyard, the allegorical germ of future humanity. We find this allegory again in the Codex Nazarenus. Seven vines are produced, indicating our seven races with their seven saviors or Buddhas. These seven vines arise from Jukabar Zivo, and Aebel Zivo waters them. (Codex Nazarenus, Liber Adami appellatusa Matth. Norberg, 3, 60, 61.) When the blessed ascend to the source of light, they will see Javar Zivo, the Lord of Life, and the first vine (ibid. 11, 281). Thus the cabalistic metaphors are simply repeated in the Gospel of John.

We should not forget that even those thinkers who know nothing about the sevenfold nature of man call the I or the thinking principle the Logos or the “son” of soul and spirit. “Manas” is the adopted son of the king - and the queen - (which esoterically is equivalent to Atma and Budhi), says an occult work. Plato calls him the God-man who crucifies himself in “space”, that is, during the duration of the life cycle, for the redemption of matter. He does this through recurring incarnation, thus guiding humanity upwards to perfection; in this way, the lower forms are given space to transform into higher ones. He cannot help himself and the whole of physical nature to progress in one life, even the not uncommon fact that he loses one of his personalities, because it also has not a spark of spirituality, would only help him to progress.

Frag.: Surely, however, since the ego is responsible for the transgressions of the personality, it would also have to suffer the consequences of the loss or total destruction of the personality.

Theos.: It does not; except in the one case where it would have done nothing to avert this dire fate. But if, in spite of all its efforts, its voice, namely that of human conscience, was unable to penetrate the wall of matter, then the dullness of the latter, which arises from the imperfect nature of the material, is referred to as a fault of nature. The ego is then sufficiently punished by the loss of the devahan, and especially by having to reincarnate almost immediately afterwards.

Frag.: This doctrine of the loss of a personality - as it is called - argues no less against the ideal theory of Christians than against that of spiritualists, although Swedenborg has accepted it to a certain extent when he speaks of “spiritual death”. Neither Christians nor spiritualists will ever accept it.

Theos.: Surely this cannot change a fact of nature, assuming that it is a fact of nature, and of course such things can occasionally occur. The universe and every thing in it, moral, mental, physical, or spiritual, is under a perfect law of harmony and equilibrium. It has already been explained in Isis Unveiled how the centripetal force can never reveal itself without the centrifugal force in the harmonious revolutions of the spheres, and that all forms and the progress of such forms are brought about by this dual force of nature. Now the mind or Budhi is the centrifugal, and the soul or Manas the centripetal force of nature; and to have a result they must be in perfect accord and harmony. Break or mar the centripetal motion of the earthly soul, which tends towards the center that attracts it, check its progress by hanging on to it a greater weight of matter than it is capable of bearing, or than is suitable for its devahanic state, and the harmony of the whole will be destroyed. The personal life, or rather its ideal reflection, can only continue if this twofold power is maintained; that is, by the close union of Budhi and Manas in each rebirth or personal life. The slightest deviation from harmony damages it; and when it is completely destroyed, the two powers separate at the moment of death. For a short period the personal form—which, without further distinction, is called Kama-rupa and Majavi-rupa—whose spiritual effluents go with the ego into devahan, and which gives the imperishable individuality its personal coloring—is conducted to Kama Loca, to be there gradually destroyed. For after death, the real critical moment occurs for the thoroughly lost and for the unspiritual and evil. If during life the last and desperate effort to unite something of the personality with the inner self (Manas) is thwarted, and with the luminous ray of the divine Budhi, if this ray is more and more extinguished by the too thick crust of the physical brain , then the spiritual ego or manas, once separated from the body, also remains quite distinct from the ethereal residue of personality, and the latter or kama rupa follows its earthly attractions, being conducted into Hades, which Theosophy calls Kama Loca. These are the “withered branches” which Jesus says shall be cut off from the Vine. The annihilation, whatever it may be, is never instantaneous; it may well take centuries to be complete; but there the personality remains with the remnants of other more fortunate personal “I's” and becomes a “shell” or an Elemental. As stated in Isis Unveiled, these two types of “spirits,” the shells and the elementals, are the main revelations in spiritualistic séances. And it is certain that it is not they who reincarnate as human beings; and that is why so few of these “dear departed” know anything about reincarnation and therefore cause misunderstandings in spiritualist circles.

Question. But did not the author of Isis Unveiled say himself that he wrote against re-embodiment?

Answer. That is true; but only for those who have misunderstood what was said. At the time that work was written, neither English nor American Spiritualists believed in reincarnation, and what was said there was directed against the French Spiritualists, whose theory is as unphilosophical and impossible as that of the Eastern worldviews is logical and obvious. The followers of the Allen Kardecian view believe in arbitrary and immediate reincarnation. According to their doctrine, the dead father can reincarnate in his own daughter, or in one that has not yet been born, and so on. They know no devahan, no karma, nor do they have a philosophical theory that would justify the necessity of successive reincarnations. But how could the author of “Isis Unveiled” oppose karmic re-embodiment, since this is the fundamental doctrine of all Buddhists and Hindus, provided it is thought of in terms of a time lag of 1000 or 1500 years.

Frag.: So then, on the part of Theosophy, is the theory of the Spiritists completely rejected?

Theos.: Not altogether, but only in regard to their main tenets. Both the French and English spiritists believe what their spirits tell them; but the two directions differ from each other at least as much as the Theosophists differ from them. Truth is only one; and when one hears that the French spiritists let their ghosts preach reincarnation, but the English ghosts deny it, it must be said that either the French or the English “spirits” do not know what they claim. Theosophy, like spiritism, assumes the existence of spirits; or of invisible beings with more or less intelligence. But while for Theosophy their species are legion, our opponents only allow for one single species, namely, human disembodied spirits, which, according to Theosophical knowledge, are mostly nothing more than kamalokische shells.

Frag.: Since Theosophy seems to be strongly opposed to ghosts. After the points of view have been discussed here that speak against the belief in the materialization of disembodied people or in communication with them in spiritualistic sessions, there is still a need for clarification in a certain direction. Why do some theosophists repeatedly emphasize the dangers of communicating with spirits and of mediumship? Are there special reasons for this?

Theos.: That may well be assumed. He who has had much to do with these invisible, but only tangible influences, from the conscious elemental beings and shells down to the quite senseless and indescribable spook, has a certain right to utter the indicated warning.

Frag.: Is it possible to give some hints as to why such things are dangerous?

Theos.: This would require a very detailed explanation. You have to judge each thing by the effects it produces. Go over the history of spiritualism in the last five years, since its reawakening in America, and judge whether it has brought more benefit than harm to its followers. You just have to understand this correctly. It is not at all meant as a criticism of real spiritism, but of the modern movement that bears this name and of the so-called philosophy that was invented to explain the phenomena.

Frag.: Should we not believe in these phenomena at all then?

Theos.: Precisely because there is good reason to believe in them, and because they are just as real as any sensory phenomenon – apart from a few cases of conscious deception – the discerning person must turn against the spiritism that has been characterized. It should be emphasized once again that only physical, not spiritual or psychic phenomena, are being discussed here. Like attracts like. There have been some generous good men and women who have spent years of their lives under the direct guidance and protection of high spirits, both disincarnated people and planetary spirits. But these intelligences are not of the same kind as the “John King” or “Ernest” who appear in seance rooms. These intelligences only rarely guide and control mortals, exceptionally those to whom they are attracted by their karmic past. It is not enough to simply sit and wait for the revelation for them to be attracted. This only opens the door to a host of ghosts, good, evil and indifferent, whose slave the medium can then become throughout their entire life. It is against such indiscriminate mediumship that one must raise one's voice, not against spiritual mysticism. The latter is ennobling and sacred; the former is of the kind that led to the persecutions of so many witches and sorcerers two centuries before. Read Glanvil and other authors on witchcraft, and you will find the same phenomena in at least most, if not all, of the physical manifestations of modern spiritualism.

Frag.: Are you saying that this is just witchcraft and nothing more?

Theos.: Indeed, whether consciously or unconsciously, this contact with the dead is only a kind of sorcery and a very dangerous thing. Long before Moses, all intelligent peoples considered such resurrection of the dead to be sinful, since it not only disturbs the peace of the dead but also impairs their further development into higher states. All the wisdom of past centuries is unanimous in condemning these practices. Finally, it must be repeated over and over again: while some of these “spirits do not know what they are talking about” and only prattle nonsense, others are extremely dangerous and can lead to evil. This yields two obvious facts. Go to spiritualist circles of Allen Kardec's school, and you will find spirits who assert reincarnation and speak like people raised in the Roman Catholic faith. If, on the other hand, you turn to the dearly departed in America, you will find that they deny reincarnation and speak like Protestants. The best, most successful mediums have all suffered damage to their mental and physical health. Consider the sad end of Charles Foster, who died in an asylum as a raving maniac; Slade, who became epileptic; Eglington—at present the best medium in England—who also suffers from it. Look back at the life of D. D. Home, a man whose soul was full of bile and bitterness, who never said a good word to anyone, who also had psychic powers and who slandered every medium. This Calvin of spiritualism suffered for many years from a terrible spinal disease that he had contracted from his contact with spirits, and he died completely emaciated. Consider, too, the terrible fate of poor Washington Irving Bishop. He was undoubtedly a medium. True, the poor man betrayed his 'spirits' by declaring that they were involuntary muscular movements, to the great delight of all the learned and scientific fools, and to the best advantage of his own pocket. But — one should not speak ill of the dead — his end was a bad one. He had carefully kept his epileptic seizures secret — the first and strongest symptom of true mediumship — and one cannot know whether he was really dead or just had a seizure when he was examined to see if he was dead. His relatives insist that he was alive, if Reuters telegrams are to be believed. Finally, consider the oldest mediums, the founders and first propagators of modern spiritualism, the Fox siblings. After more than forty years of dealing with “angels,” they have become incurable fools, branding their own work as frauds in public lectures. One must ask, what kind of spirits must these be to bring this about?

Question: But is this conclusion correct?

Theos.: What would one think if the best students of a particular singing school collapsed due to overexertion of their throats? Undoubtedly that the singing method was a bad one. The same objection must be made against spiritualism when it turns out that the best mediums fall prey to such a fate. One can only say that those who are interested in the question should recognize the trees by their fruits and then reflect on the lesson received. The Theosophists have always regarded the Spiritists as brothers who have the same mystical tendency as themselves; but they have always been regarded as enemies by them. The Theosophists, who are in possession of an older philosophy, have always tried to help and warn the Spiritists, but the latter have always misunderstood and slandered their intentions. Nevertheless, the best English Spiritists say nothing other than the Theosophists do as soon as they seriously examine their beliefs. Listen to what M. A. Oxon says in this regard: “Spiritists are much too inclined to always turn to external spirits and lose sight of the incarnate spirit with its powers.” (Second Sight, Introduction.) —Why are the Theosophists reviled when they say the same thing? Now let us return to the discussion of reincarnation.