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On the Nature of Butterflies
GA 351

8 October 1923, Dornach

Translated by A. Innes

[ 1 ] Well, gentlemen, have you had any ideas? If not, I will talk to you about something which links up quite well with matters I have already discussed.

[ 2 ] In observing Nature—as a rule people do so rather without thinking—the moment we begin to reflect about the things of Nature, so much points to the presence of the spiritual that our curiosity cannot fail to be aroused regarding the actual working of this Spirit, we cannot help becoming curious about it. In the case of the beavers' lodge and other such things I have repeatedly drawn your attention to the amount of spiritual activity to be found in Nature. Now today I am going to point to something further.

[ 3 ] At a certain time in summer when man walks in the open and sees the lovely iridescent play of butterfly wings, he does not stop to query the origin of this manifold many-coloured fluttering of butterflies moving so freely.

[ 4 ] You see, this is even of great practical significance. In fact, I am convinced that were we to attempt new experiments in the field of aeronautics, here in our Goetheanum precincts, they would not be staged as they are when based on materialistic science. Experiments are continually being made based on the flight of birds, dragon-flies, and so forth, but experimenting along the lines of butterfly flight has never been considered. Aviation, however would only assume its right form could it on a large scale base its experiments on the butterfly flight. But people today do not think of this, because they are unable to discern the true facts. Even in regard to the practical side of life these things are only grasped rightly when the spiritual is considered.

[ 5 ] Now today I am going to point out something regarding butterflies which does not really belong to aeronautics but which will shed light on the subject.

You see, a butterfly does not start life as such, but evolves by means of a very complicated process. We will start from the fact that when autumn approaches the time is now ripe for the butterfly to lay an egg. Thus the starting point of the butterfly is the laying of an egg. It is not a butterfly that comes out of this egg. What emerges from this egg is not an ordinary butterfly—the swallow-tail, for instance, which looks like this (drawing)—but something which is commonly called a grub; in other words, a caterpillar is hatched. Now this caterpillar is hatched from the egg. Here is its head, here at the other end the sting (drawing), and it crawls around lazily. Outwardly it appears to be a sluggard. Inwardly however, it is far from sluggish, for from its own body it spins threads out of which it forms a hard covering. Gradually the caterpillar completely disappears into this covering, and disintegrates; thus it spins itself a cocoon which it attaches to a tree where it hangs. It first attaches the threads and then vanishes into the cocoon. So we first have the egg, then the caterpillar and now the Chrysalis—for that is its name. This chrysalis remains suspended for a certain length of time, after which an opening appears in some part of it and the butterfly emerges.

Thus before the butterfly exists as such, four things are required. First of all the egg, secondly the caterpillar, thirdly the chrysalis, and fourthly the actual butterfly. The egg is laid in some place. The caterpillar crawls around, the chrysalis remains quite still, and the butterfly gaily flutters forth into the air. It can then lay another egg and the same story is repeated in the course of the year. This is what happens.

[ 6 ] Now people see this and learned folk explain it by observations under a microscope or other such means. The matter, however, is not so simple. One has to take into account where and how the egg can live, how the caterpillar and chrysalis live, and finally how the butterfly lives. If the egg is to reach the stage of hatching out a caterpillar, it above all requires moisture—often just a drop in which a little salt is dissolved. No egg can thrive without a certain amount of humidity in which salt is present. For this reason the butterfly's instinct must lead it to lay the egg where it will find moisture containing some salt. Otherwise nothing happens. What I am telling you in regard to butterflies applies also to bees. It is likewise necessary for bees to lay their eggs where salt—even if very little—has penetrated. It suffices for mist to seep in, as mist always possesses a certain amount of saline moisture. Nature comes to the rescue. Such things do not always dawn on human understanding. Nature indeed is far cleverer than man. The egg, however, always requires moisture containing a certain amount of salt. This is necessary to the butterfly, too, as it enables the caterpillar to be hatched. So the egg just requires this moisture containing salt; it has no eyes, so sees nothing and just lives for itself in a world of total darkness. The moment the caterpillar is hatched it meets the light and remains in it. It has some organs, has reached the light, and now becomes quite another kind of creature than it was as an egg. The egg has entirely transformed itself into a caterpillar. Inner sensation is produced in the caterpillar because it is exposed to the light and has sense organs. Such things are made evident in the case of certain phenomena. You have no doubt noticed the astonishing fact when a lamp has been lit that all sorts of insects flutter around in the room, feel drawn to the light, and are even so stupid as to hurl themselves into the flame and get burnt. Why is this? Of course this does not happen in the case of the caterpillar, but it has the same urge. I may say that the caterpillar is drawn to the sunlight by the same urge as that felt by the insect who plunges into the candle flame, only the caterpillar cannot rise to the sun. Could it rise from the ground and fly to the sun, very soon we should no longer have any caterpillars. They would all fly up and away to the sun. For that is their urge, gravity only binds them to the earth. So when we see a caterpillar we know that it really has the urge to follow the light. This is impossible, so what does it do?

[ 7 ] Just imagine that here is the beam of light and here the caterpillar (drawing). As the caterpillar crawls along, it spins a thread in the pattern of the beam of light. It spins in exact accordance with the beam of light and at night when there is no light it rolls up the thread. It spins it out in the sunlight and rolls it up again at night. In this way it forms its sheath. The caterpillar completely surrenders to the light, it dies in the light. Just as the insect surrenders to the flame, so the caterpillar dies into the light, but being unable to reach the sun it does not enter the sunbeam. However, it spins its own body into these threads and so forms the cocoon—as threads spun in this way are called. The silkworm spins the silk according to the light, so when you take its silk you can certainly say: This is spun light! Earthly matter is spun in the pattern of light rays, and when you come across a chrysalis you are really seeing pure sunlight spun around this earthly matter in the pattern of the sunbeam. [ 8 ] We have now reached the point where spun light surrounds the chrysalis, and naturally something different occurs from what does in the case of the insect which burns by plunging into the flame and so can accomplish nothing further. In the short time the insect takes to hurl itself into the flame, could it but spin such a cocoon modelled on light, a new animal would arise from the fire. This is only hindered by the burning. By reason of this it is interesting to learn the real impulse of the insect which flutters around the room at night and plunges into the flame. Its urge is indeed to propagate itself and perish in order to re-emerge as a new being. Only it deceives itself because it cannot create a cocoon so rapidly. The caterpillar, however, has the time to create this sheath, to hang it up, so the sun forces, imprisoned inside, can now create the butterfly which is then able to fly out and enjoy the activity of a sun-being.

[ 9 ] This is the way to observe things in Nature. First, quite a significant idea is implied in what I have told you. One might think that the insect by plunging into the flame just has the urge to perish, whereas this is not the case. It wants to reappear in another form. It would fain be transformed by the flame. This is always so in death. Death does not annihilate, but when it comes about in the right way it transforms the creature. This is the first thing we see. The second is the deep connection between all things in outer Nature. The butterfly you see is created out of light, but light had first to take up matter, form a case and be turned into threads inside the chrysalis. All animal entities are created out of light. This applies to man as well, by reason of the fertilisation of the female ovum. A sheath encloses the light within the mother's body, so man is really created by this light. So the possibility arises for man to be born out of light. Thus we see how the butterfly arises from light which has first been imprisoned.

[ 10 ] Now the butterfly flutters about in many different colours. These colours are seen to be prevalent where the light is most effective. In regions where the birds have wonderful colours the sun has greater power. What effect is produced by the action of imprisoned sunlight? In every instance colour is produced and this applies to the butterfly as well. The butterfly owes its colour to the action of imprisoned light. The butterfly is understood only when viewed as a complete creature of light which is responsible for its manifold colours.

[ 11 ] But you see this cannot be accomplished by the sun alone. The matter stands thus: In the case of the egg, we see that moisture and salt play their part. Salt is earthy moisture in water. So we can say that to thrive, the egg needs earth and a little water. The caterpillar creeps into the light. By nature the caterpillar cannot thrive in just earth and water (in other words, dissolved chalk and water) but it requires moisture, water, and also air. This moisture and air the caterpillar demands is not merely the physical substance required by the egg, but in this moisture lives what is known as ether—what I called ether-body in referring to man. The caterpillar acquires an ether-body through which it breathes. This ether-body enables it to take in the spiritual present in air. The egg is still entirely physical, whereas the caterpillar already lives in both physical and etheric, but this it finds difficult as it contains far too much earthly matter. When the content of the caterpillar comes into contact with the light, one sees that it spins the light out of itself in the form of a cocoon. The caterpillar has an urge towards the light, but it is held back by the strong forces in it. It cannot deal with this task. Its urge is to soar, to pour itself into the light and to live there. So what does it do? Well, it isolates itself, envelops itself in its sheath along with the sunbeams. In the chrysalis the caterpillar altogether isolates itself from the physical earth forces. Inside the chrysalis where the grub has vanished, astral forces are now present—no longer earthly or etheric forces, but astral forces which are entirely spiritual and live in imprisoned light. Imprisoned light always contains spiritual astral forces, and these create the butterfly. As the butterfly consists entirely of astral forces it can now fly about in the air which was impossible for the caterpillar. It can follow the light. Being no longer subject to gravity the butterfly can simply follow the light. Through its surrender it has eliminated gravity to which it is no longer subject. So it can be said that it has matured as far as the ego. It is an ego in which we see the butterfly flying around. We men have our ego inside, whereas that of the butterfly is outside. The ego is actually light and is responsible for the butterfly's colour.

[ 12 ] In thinking this over there is something that must be clear in your minds. You are continually saying “I” to yourself. What does this signify? Every time you say “I” to yourself a little flame lights up in your brain, only it is invisible to ordinary sight. That is light. When I say “I” to myself I kindle this inner light. In saying “I,” I kindle the selfsame light that colours the butterfly's wings! It is really most interesting to note that when I say “I” to myself, could I allow this “I” to expand over the whole world of Nature, it would be light. It is only my body that keeps this “I” imprisoned. Were I able to let it expand, this ego, this light, would permit me to create real butterflies. The human ego actually has the power needed to create real butterflies and insects in general. You see, men imagine everything to be so simple, but in olden times when people had knowledge of these things, they spoke accordingly. In ancient Jewish times a word such as Jahve had the same meaning as “I.” In old Hebrew, Jahve could be pronounced only by the priest, because he had been prepared to understand its significance. For as he spoke this word he saw himself surrounded by a flight of butterflies. If he failed to do so he would know that he had not spoken with true inner feeling. But when he pronounced the word with right inner feeling he saw actual butterflies. He could not impart this to others however, for it would have unbalanced their minds. He had first to prepare himself for such an experience. It is none the less true.

[ 13 ] Well, gentlemen, how can this be explained? Just picture a large eiderdown filling the space between the reading desk and the point where I am standing. The down inside is rather sparse. So from where I stand I try to push on towards the desk, pressing the down together. But I am unable to reach the desk, I have to stop half-way, because I cannot compress the down any further. I cannot reach the desk but can feel pressure when I lean against the eiderdown. In the same way, gentlemen, you have the urge to express the “I”—in fact to produce real butterflies, because the ego consists of light. But this you cannot do. Instead, you feel the resistance just as I do when I press forward. This is due to your thoughts. Your thoughts impede you from creating real butterflies by means of light. The ego thinks thoughts and these thoughts are really just pictures of the butterfly-world.

[ 14 ] You see, the same thing would happen today as in ancient Jewish times when just anyone who said Jahve could have seen the whole of the butterfly-world. People would have said: “Of course he is crazy!” It would moreover have been true had he been too immature to behold spiritual things. But today if one states that the “I” and light are identical, that light when imprisoned creates butterflies, and that the same thing in our specially adapted brain creates thoughts, again people will say: “The man is mad!” All the same it is true, and this is just the difference between truth and mere madness! So when we see the bright butterfly in the air we must realise that the same impulse works upon us when with the right inner feeling we say “I.” Neither the butterfly nor even the higher animal can say “I,” for in their case the ego works from outside. When you see a lion, it is the animal's buff colour that its ego works upon from outside. The whole world of nature is responsible for the lion's existence. Because we think from within outwards we do not acquire our colouring from outside, but acquire from within the colour of our skin which, in painting, it is very hard to reproduce. Our “I” with the help of the blood is responsible for giving our body this wonderful human tint, only reproduced in painting when one succeeds in mixing and blending all the colours correctly. You see Nature is forever at work on the creature, but she works in a spiritual way. I have told you here that there must be a transition from moisture containing air to light. Now here is the chrysalis living in air and light; as caterpillar it lived in water and air; here as chrysalis in air and light; then it shuts itself off more and more from the light which is imprisoned, and it turns to the astral which now works upon it.

[ 15 ] Just take another look at this: caterpillar and chrysalis. Now think of an animal not able to spin threads from its own body, Let us imagine a special kind of caterpillar which, having become such, has the urge to reach the light but is unable to do so because its body cannot spin threads. The animal cannot turn its body into one capable of spinning threads outside. The caterpillar really spins itself to death. It ceases to be, for its whole body is consumed in the spinning. An empty framework is all that is left. But suppose you had an animal that did not possess the physical substance with which to spin. What will the creature do if it is in this plight, if exposed to strong light? It cannot spin a cocoon for itself. What does it do then? It will do the spinning inside its body, and what it spins will be the blood vessels! The blood of such an animal which lives in the air is inwardly spun, just as the butterfly, or rather the caterpillar, spins the cocoon outside. We should then have an animal which as it lived in the air-water element would have a blood system suited to that element. If it lives for a time in the light it alters the form of its blood vessels; they become quite different. It now spins them inside its own body because it cannot spin outside. Now let us make a clear picture. Imagine there is an animal that breathes through gills—as it must in water—and that this animal moves in the water by means of a tail. Then his blood vessels extend into gills and tail. Thus the animal swims in the water where it can even breathe. The fish has gills, with which it is possible to breathe in water. But imagine the animal often rises to the air, gets out on the bank, or the pond itself dries up. Then it is more exposed to the light and loses the watery element. New regions appear where it must have light and air instead of water and air. What does the animal do then?

[ 16 ] Now look—I will draw this with dots. The animal withdraws the blood vessels from the gills which increasingly vanish, and it spins these blood vessels in here. The animal spins its own blood vessels and those which were directed to the gills are now inserted here. The blood vessels formerly belonging to the tail are withdrawn and thus feet are grown. The blood vessels formerly in the tail now go to the feet enabling them to walk, and they are spun differently from those in the tail. You can see this in Nature—this is a tadpole and that a frog! The frog starts life as a tadpole with tail and gills, and can live in water. When it reaches the air it inwardly performs what the caterpillar does outwardly. The tadpole which is a frog, able to live in water, spins a network out of its own blood system. This spreads out in its body, and what once formed part of blood vessels and gills now becomes lung. Where gills once were, we now have lungs, spun there by the animal. In place of the tail we have feet and, as the movement of the blood has already evolved a heart, these feet move by means of the blood circulating from heart to lung. So the same path from water and air to air and light, followed by caterpillar to chrysalis, is also taken by the frog in its elements of air and water. In this case, however, air penetrates, as the animal must be exposed to both air and light. Light and air create lungs and legs whereas water and air create fish tails and gills.

The fact is that activity not only takes place within the animal but the whole cosmic environment always plays its part as well.

[ 17 ] What attitude is taken by the scientists? What did we do in trying to make our picture? Well gentlemen, what we have done is to look at the world. We have viewed the world as it is and have observed Nature! What does the scientist do? Generally speaking he takes scant notice of Nature when he seeks to discover these things. Instead, he starts by going to an optician and ordering a very powerful microscope. It will not be taken out into the world of nature where it would be of little use, but will be shut up in a room where butterfly eggs will be laid. The scientist has little feeling for the butterfly fluttering in the light. He puts the egg on a specially prepared plate and observes it through the microscope (drawing). He keeps his eye on it and takes note of what happens to the egg after he has dissected it. Nature no longer acts, but the scientist cuts up little bits and examines the particles flattened out on a piece of paper under the microscope. These tiny particles cut with a razor blade are examined, and investigation is based on just that. This is how investigations are often made today. [ 18 ] Think of a university lecture. The professor assembles as many people as possible into his study and allows them in turn to view what he has dissected. Of course, he often takes them for outings as well, but has little to say about what exists out-of-doors because he does not know much about it. His entire knowledge consists in what he sees under the microscope after having chopped up little bits and pieces. What wisdom does he acquire in this way? He discovers everything already present in the egg only in infinitesimal quantity. Well, gentlemen, that is all one can find when one begins by chopping it up with a razor blade and examining it under the microscope! One forgets all that is active outside in air, light and water. We just have the little specimen all ready and place it under the microscope. It is impossible to investigate in this way. All one can say is that the butterfly lives in the open, and here under my microscope I already have the whole butterfly in miniature.

[ 19 ] Today people no longer believe what follows, but formerly they would say: Here we have a woman called Annie who has a mother called Maria. Now Maria gave birth to Annie. Very well, but the entire Annie was already present in the ovum inside the mother Maria. So we must imagine it thus: here is the ovum of Anna and here the ovum of Maria in which is Anna; but Maria herself derives from Gertrude who is Annie's grandmother. Now if Annie's ovum was contained in Maria's, it must also have been in that of Gertrude. Now Annie's great grandmother was Katie; so the ovum of Annie, Maria and Gertrude must have already been present in that of Katie, and so it goes on right hack to the first ovum of all, which is Eve's. So people said—it was of course the easiest solution—that a person alive today was already present in the egg-cell of Eve. This was known as the theory of pre-formation. The theories we still have today are just a little more nebulous. They no longer reckon on going back to Eve, but the idea is identical, and they have not really progressed if they say: The whole butterfly is already present!—and light, air and water which after all play their part are no longer considered.

[ 20 ] You see, when one considers the scientific method pursued by the professor who takes people into his study to demonstrate these very learned matters—which in regard to Nature's activities are mere folly—one realises that after all light, air and all the rest should be taken into account! The professor ignores all this and enters his dark room where artificial light is introduced, when possible, so that daylight may not disturb the microscope. And the thought comes to us: Good gracious! He still believes in the egg as containing everything; and present-day science just dismisses all the rest. It is all shelved and has nothing left to do. Contemporary science no longer has any knowledge of what works in air, light and water; it knows nothing at all about it. You see, this is something which already sorely rankles in our social life—this fact that on the one side we have a science that really disregards the entire cosmos and only has eyes for what can be seen through the microscope and, on the other side, a State that takes no interest in a pensioner nor has further use for him beyond paying his pension. The same thing applies in the case of the scientist who extracts means of nourishment from Nature, but no longer understands its working and only concerns himself with the microscope, in other words just with parts. Science today really regards the whole cosmos as an idler who has been pensioned off. This is a dreadful state of affairs, for the masses are unable to see any further. The general public says: these are the people who ought to understand such things. One already thinks of turning tiny children into scholars, and they are sent to school to be taught. From then on today they make great efforts to learn. Up to the age of twenty-seven or twenty-eight they keep on studying; surely what they acquire must be the truth! Naturally, the general public cannot form an opinion and allows itself to be guided in these matters by the “learned,” and has no idea that what is taught no longer has any connection with Nature. Nature is referred to as someone now “on the shelf.” Thus the whole of our spiritual life is being swamped, and the time has now come when we must emerge. We do not progress for the simple reason that the general public finds it easier to accept what it hears. The truth today is told only by Anthroposophy! Nowhere else will you hear what I have just told you. Nobody will say such things. The general public simply pays no attention to them any longer. Anyone saying them is considered mad. It really is mad that this should be so! It is not the really mad who are considered so, but anyone speaking the truth is deemed mad. People really view this the wrong way round.

[ 21 ] In this connection I will tell you another little story. There was once a medical commission that arrived at the entrance of a lunatic asylum where they wished to do some research. They found a man by the door who received them in such a way that they took him to be the director or the doctor in charge. So they said: Will you be so kind as to take us round your cells and explain everything? So the man at the door took them round the cells explaining each case, saying: Here is a mental case who has remarkable visions and hallucinations along with epileptic fits. In the next cell he explained that this patient suffered from abnormal impulses of the will. He described it all quite clearly. They then came to the genuine lunatics who suffer from obsessions. You see, he said, here is a case who is always being pursued by ghosts, and here another who is pursued by human beings, not ghosts. Now I will take you to the worst case we have. So he took them to the greatest lunatic of all and said: This man suffers from the fixed idea that he is the Emperor of China. Of course this means that ideas have solidified in his head. Instead of these ideas just remaining as thoughts, in his case they have solidified. He explained this with great precision and added: But you must realise, gentlemen, that this is nonsense for I myself am the Emperor of China!

You see, he had explained everything. He had led them around, but instead of leading them to science he had led them by the nose. For he himself was mad. He had told them that the other man was mad because he believed himself to be the Emperor of China, whereas he was that himself! The Commission had been conducted round by a complete lunatic.

[ 22 ] Thus where science is concerned it is not always possible to discern whether someone is mad or not. You would be surprised by the cleverness of some things lunatics tell you when you come into contact with them. For this reason the Italian natural scientist Lombroso has stated that there is no hard and fast distinction between genius and madness. Geniuses are always slightly mad, and madmen always possess a slight amount of genius. You can read about it in the little book called “Genius and Madness” published in a popular edition.

[ 23 ] When one is sane of course he can distinguish between genius and madness. But today we have reached the point where whole books can be found—such as Lombroso's—where science itself states that it is impossible to distinguish genius from madness. Of course this state of affairs cannot continue or spiritual life will be completely swamped. Nature, now neglected, must once more be reckoned with. Then one will notice the development from the egg to the caterpillar, and from the caterpillar to the chrysalis. One will see how light is imprisoned there as in us it is imprisoned—the gaily coloured butterfly darting forth. [ 24 ] This is what I wanted to link with what we have already discussed, so that you may see how light contains creative spirit. For the worm or caterpillar has first to disappear for the butterfly to arise. It arises inside where the caterpillar has perished. The spirit creates. In every instance matter must first be destroyed and vanish, thus enabling the spirit to create the new being. This same thing applies to mankind. Fertilisation signifies that matter has first been destroyed. A minute quantity of this destroyed matter remains, and here spirit and light create the ego in man.

If you give this a little thought you will grasp what I have told you. Instead of going on blindly, observe the tadpole and the frog and realise why the latter has a heart, lungs and feet, and why the tadpole can swim in water. All these things are interconnected. The matters we shall be studying further will show you that a genuine science which understands them can only arise out of Anthroposophy.

[ 1 ] Guten Morgen, meine Herren! Haben Sie sich irgend etwas ausgedacht, was heute beantwortet werden könnte? Wenn nicht, dann will ich Ihnen heute etwas sagen, was sich ganz gut anschließt an Dinge, die ich schon besprochen habe.

[ 2 ] Wenn der Mensch so hineinsieht in die Natur - er sieht ja eigentlich ziemlich gedankenlos hinein —, so kommt ihm in dem Momente, wo er anfängt, wirklich über die Naturdinge nachzudenken, ja so viel in den Sinn, was darauf hinweist, daß überall Geist in der Natur, daß überall das Geistige gegenwärtig ist, daß er gar nicht mehr anders kann, als, wenn ich so sagen darf, neugierig zu werden, wie da eigentlich dieser Geist in der Natur wirkt. Ich habe Ihnen ja beim Biberbau, bei ähnlichen Dingen immer wieder zeigen können, wie geistreich alle diese Dinge in der Natur sind. Nun will ich Ihnen heute noch etwas anderes zeigen.

[ 3 ] Nicht wahr, der Mensch sieht zunächst, wenn er in einer gewissen Zeit des Sommers in der Natur draußen herumgeht, die schönen flatternden Schmetterlinge mit ihren farbigen Flügeln, die so bunt schillern, und da frägt er nicht weiter: Woher kommt dieses wirklich mannigfaltig bunt schillernde Flattern der Schmetterlinge, die sich so frei bewegen?

[ 4 ] Es ist dieses von einer großen praktischen Bedeutung. Ich bin sogar davon überzeugt: Wenn wir hier irgendwo auf unserem GoetheanumGrunde neue Versuche machen könnten für die Luftschiffahrt, so würden wir die nicht so anstellen, wie sie heute aus der materialistischen Wissenschaft heraus angestellt werden. Da versucht man es immer mit dem Vogelflug, mit dem Libellenflug, der Wasserjungfer und so weiter. Aber man hat keinen Sinn dafür, die Sache zu versuchen mit dem eigentlichen Schmetterlingsflug. Und dennoch würde die Luftschiffahrt erst auf ihre richtige Gestalt kommen, wenn man die Versuche dafür im Großen anfassen könnte gerade mit dem Schmetterlingsflug. Aber nicht wahr, auf solche Dinge gehen die Leute heute deswegen nicht ein, weil sie die Richtigkeit doch nicht einsehen können. Man kann nämlich solche Dinge in richtiger Weise, selbst für das praktische Leben, doch nur einsehen, wenn man auf das Geistige eingeht.

[ 5 ] Nun will ich Ihnen heute etwas über die Schmetterlinge, etwas, was nicht gerade zur Luftschiffahrt gehört, aber Sie aufklären kann über die Luftschifferei, zeigen. Sehen Sie, solch ein Schmetterling ist ja nicht von vornherein da, sondern der kommt ja, wie Sie wissen, auf eine sehr komplizierte Weise zustande. Zunächst gehen wir davon aus, daß der Schmetterling, wenn es gegen den Herbst zu geht, er also reif geworden ist, ein Ei legt. So daß also das erste, wovon der Schmetterling ausgeht, das ist, daß er ein Ei legt. Aus diesem Ei kommt ja nicht wieder ein Schmetterling heraus. Da kriecht nicht wiederum, sagen wir, der Schmetterling Schwalbenschwanz heraus, der so ausschaut (siehe Zeichnung); der kriecht nicht da heraus, sondern aus diesem Ei kriecht zunächst dasjenige heraus, was man im Volksmund einen «Wurm» nennt; eine Raupe kriecht heraus. Diese Raupe also kriecht aus dem Ei heraus. Hier hat sie ihren Kopf (siehe Zeichnung), hier hinten ist ein Stachel, und die kriecht nun so träg, langsam herum, ist eigentlich äußerlich eine Art von Faulenzer. Aber innerlich ist eine solche Raupe gar keine Faulenzerin, sondern innerlich spinnt sie aus ihrem eigenen Leib heraus Fäden, und aus diesen Fäden macht sie um sich herum eine Hülle. Wenn also das jetzt die Raupe ist (siehe Zeichnung), so spinnt diese Raupe aus sich selbst heraus Fäden und macht um sich herum eine Hülle, die hart ist. Die Raupe verschwindet allmählich im Inneren ganz, löst sich auf in diesen Fäden, macht also um sich herum eine Hülle, die sie irgendwie an einen Baumstamm anhängt, anklebt; sie klebt zuerst den Faden an und verschwindet dann in der Hülle. So daß wir haben: das Ei, die Raupe und hier, das nennt man eine Puppe. Und diese Puppe, die bleibt nun eine Zeitlang hängen. Dann kriegt sie irgendwo ein Loch und der Schmetterling kommt heraus. So daß, bevor ein solcher Schmetterling zustande kommt, vier Sachen notwendig sind: also erstens das Ei, zweitens die Raupe, drittens die Puppe und viertens er selbst. Das Ei, das wird irgendwo abgelegt. Die Raupe kriecht dann herum. Die Puppe bleibt ganz fest und der Schmetterling flattert lustig in der Luft herum. Der kann dann wiederum ein Ei legen und die Geschichte geht im Jahreslauf von neuem los. So ist die Sache.

[ 6 ] Nun, das schauen sich die Leute an, und das erklären heute die Gelehrten ja so, daß sie einfach beobachten, was sich da durch das Mikroskop ‚oder dergleichen eben beobachten läßt. Aber so einfach ist die Sache nicht. Man muß berücksichtigen, wo das Ei leben kann und wie es lebt, wie die Raupe lebt, wie die Puppe lebt und wie zuletzt der Schmetterling lebt. Das Ei, das braucht vor allen Dingen, wenn es so weit kommen soll, daß die Raupe auskriechen kann, manchmal furchtbar wenig — aber es braucht Feuchtigkeit, in der etwas Salz aufgelöst ist. Kein Ei kann gedeihen, ohne daß es etwas Feuchtigkeit, in der etwas Salz aufgelöst ist, bekommt. Daher muß das Tier, der Schmetterling, diesen Instinkt haben, das Ei irgendwo hinzulegen, wo es Feuchtigkeit bekommen kann, in der etwas Salz enthalten ist. Ohne das geht es also nicht. Es ist das, was ich Ihnen hier für den Schmetterling erzähle, eben geradeso auch für die Biene und so weiter. Es ist für die Biene auch notwendig, daß da, wo die Eier abgelegt werden, etwas durchdringt - wenn es auch wenig ist-, daß Salz hineinkommt. Es beobachten das eben wenige. Es genügt, wenn der Nebel durchgeht; der hat immer etwas Salzfeuchtigkeit. Es kommt einem da die Natur zu Hilfe. Es leuchtet das dem menschlichen Verstand nicht immer ganz ein. Die Natur ist eben viel gescheiter als der Mensch. Aber das Ei muß immer etwas Feuchtigkeit haben, in der etwas Salz drinnen ist. Das ist beim Schmetterling auch so, und dann kriecht also die Raupe heraus. Das Ei braucht also nur diese Feuchtigkeit, in der Salz drinnen ist; es hat keine Augen, es sieht nichts, es lebt im übrigen für sich selbst in einer Welt, die ganz finster ist. In dem Augenblick, wo die Raupe ausgekrochen ist, kommt sie ans Licht heraus, ist also fortwährend im Lichte. Die Raupe hat Sinnesorgane, kommt ans Licht. Jetzt ist es eigentlich ein ganz anderes Wesen geworden, als das Ei es ist. Das Ei hat sich ganz in die Raupe verwandelt. Und daß die Raupe dem Licht ausgesetzt ist, daß sie Sinne hat, das übt einen inneren Eindruck auf die Raupe aus. Solche Dinge kommen bei gewissen Erscheinungen ganz radikal zum Ausdruck. Sie alle haben ja schon diese merkwürdige Erscheinung genossen, daß, wenn Sie irgendwo eine Lampe angezündet haben, allerlei Insekten im Zimmer herumflattern, sich vom Licht der Lampe angezogen fühlen, sich sogar hineinstürzen, so dumm sind, daß sie verbrennen. Woher rührt das? Natürlich kommt das nicht bei dieser Raupe vor, aber der Wille dazu ist bei dieser Raupe auch vorhanden. Die Raupe, die wird nämlich vom Sonnenlicht geradeso, ich möchte sagen, wollüstig angezogen, wie das Insekt, das sich in die Kerzenflamme stürzt; nur kann die Raupe nicht zu der Sonne hinaufkommen. Könnte sie sich vom Boden erheben und hinauffliegen zur Sonne, so würden wir sehr bald gar keine Raupen mehr haben; die würden alle zur Sonne hinauffliegen, alle fortfliegen. Denn das wollen sie, sie sind nur festgehalten von der Schwere der Erde, sie können nicht. So daß, wenn wir eine Raupe anschauen, diese Raupe eigentlich den Willen hat, dem Lichte nachzugehen. Das kann sie nicht. Aber was tut sie?

[ 7 ] Denken Sie sich einmal, da ist der Lichtstrahl, da die Raupe (es wird gezeichnet). Jetzt spinnt die Raupe, indem sie kriecht, so wie der Lichtstrahl ist, einen Faden. Die Raupe spinnt ganz nach dem Lichtstrahl den Faden, und wenn der Lichtstrahl in der Nacht nicht da ist, da rollt sie den Faden ein und bei Tag spinnt sie in dem Lichtstrahl den Faden wieder weiter, in der Nacht rollt sie ihn wieder ein. Und daraus entsteht die Hülle rundherum. Die Raupe löst sich ganz im Licht auf, stirbt im Licht, wie das Insekt, das der Flamme zugeht, nur daß sie nicht zur Sonne hinaufkommt, in den Lichtstrahl selber hineingeht; aber sie spinnt ihren eigenen Körper in diese Fäden hinein und macht um sich diesen Kokon, wie man ihn nennt, diese Fäden, die da zusammengesponnen werden. Die Seidenraupe spinnt die Seide nach dem Licht. Wenn Sie also aus irgendeiner Seidenraupe Seide nehmen, so können Sie sich getrost sagen: Was ist das? Das ist gesponnenes Licht!- Da ist in der Richtung der Lichtstrahlen hineingesponnen die Erdenmaterie. Und wenn Sie irgendwo eine Puppe sehen, dann ist das so, daß das lauter gesponnenes Sonnenlicht ist, ringsherum Erdenstoff, der dem Sonnenstrahl nachgesponnen ist.

[ 8 ] Also so weit sind wir, daß wir jetzt die Puppe haben, ringsherum gesponnenes Licht, und dadurch, daß das gesponnenes Sonnenlicht ist, kommt natürlich etwas anderes zustande, als wenn sich ein Insekt in die Flamme stürzt da verbrennt es die Flamme der Kerze, kann nichts damit machen. Könnte aber dieses Insekt in der Schnelligkeit, mit der es sich in die Flamme stürzt, in der Richtung der Flammenstrahlen einen solchen Kokon herumspinnen, so würde aus dem Feuer der Flamme im Inneren ein neues Tier entstehen. Das wird nur durch die Verbrennung verhindert. Es ist interessant, daß man dadurch erfährt, was eigentlich dieses Insekt will, das in der Nacht im Zimmer herumflattert und sich in die Flamme stürzt: es will sich nämlich fortpflanzen, es will zugrunde gehen, damit es in einer neuen Gestalt wiederkommt. Es täuscht sich nur, weil es nicht so schnell eine Hülle machen kann. Aber die Raupe kann in der Langsamkeit eben diese Hülle machen, hängt diese Hülle auf, und jetzt kann die Kraft der Sonne, die da eingefangen ist, die da eine Gefangene ist, die kann den Schmetterling im Inneren schaffen, und der kann dann als ein Sonnengeschöpf herausfliegen und als ein Sonnengeschöpf sich bewegen.

[ 9 ] Sehen Sie, meine Herren, da kommt man darauf, wie eigentlich die Dinge in der Natur sind. Erstens haben Sie in dem, was ich Ihnen gesagt habe, eine ganz wichtige Idee: Das Insekt, das sich in die Flamme stürzt, will sterben, denkt man sich. Nein, das will nicht sterben, sondern es will in anderer Gestalt wiederkommen. Es will durch die Flamme umgestaltet werden. Und so ist der Tod überall: Der Tod ist nichts, was die Wesen vernichtet, sondern wodurch sie, wenn der Tod richtig eingeleitet wird, nur umgestaltet werden. Erstens sieht man das daraus. Zweitens sieht man aber einen gründlichen Zusammenhang, der zwischen allem in der Natur draußen besteht. Sehen Sie, der Schmetterling ist aus dem Licht geschaffen; aber das Licht mußte erst, indem es die Erdenmaterie in sich aufnahm und einen Kokon machte, in der Puppe zum Faden gemacht werden. Alles das, was entsteht an tierischen Wesenheiten, wird aus dem Licht heraus geschaffen. Auch der Mensch wird aus dem Licht heraus geschaffen durch die Vorgänge, die durch die Befruchtung des weiblichen Eikeimes geschehen, und der schützt im Inneren des Menschen, durch eine Hülle, das Licht. Und in Wahrheit ist es das Licht, das den Menschen im Körper der Mutter schafft, das also die Möglichkeit schafft, daß der Mensch aus dem Lichte heraus entstehen kann. So sieht man also am Schmetterling, daß er aus dem Licht heraus, das erst gefangen worden ist, entsteht.

[ 10 ] Nun, der Schmetterling, der flattert in vielen Farben herum. Solche Farben sind überhaupt da, wenn man dasjenige, was am meisten vom Lichte beeinflußt werden kann, anschaut. Wenn man also in heiße Gegenden geht, dann sind alle Vögel von wunderbaren Farben, weil da die Sonne die größere Stärke hat. Was tut also das, was da in der Sonne, im gefangenen Licht schafft? Das bringt die Farben hervor, bringt immer Farben hervor. Und so ist es auch beim Schmetterling. Der Schmetterling hat seine Farben durch dasjenige, was das Licht da als ein Gefangener getan hat. Man kann den Schmetterling nur verstehen, wenn man ihn versteht als Schöpfung aus dem ganzen Licht heraus, das ihn in vielen Farben macht.

[ 11 ] Aber das kann die Sonne nicht allein. Die Sache ist so: Wenn wir das Ei anschauen, ist das also in der Feuchtigkeit drinnen, in der Salz ist. Salz ist Erde, Feuchtigkeit ist Wasser. So daß wir sagen können: Das Ei muß gedeihen in Erde und etwas Wasser. - Die Raupe kommt schon ans Licht heraus. Die Raupe kann ihrem ganzen Wesen nach nicht bloß gedeihen in Erde und Wasser, also in aufgelöstem Kalk zum Beispiel und Wasser, sondern die Raupe braucht Feuchtigkeit, also Wasser, aber auch Luft, Feuchtigkeit und Luft. Diese Feuchtigkeit und Luft, die die Raupe braucht, die ist nun nicht bloß wie das, was das Ei physisch braucht, sondern in dieser Feuchtigkeit drinnen lebt dasjenige, was man Äther nennt und was ich Ihnen beim Menschen geschildert habe als den Ätherleib. Die Raupe kriegt einen Ätherleib. Und durch den Ätherleib atmet sie. Durch den Ätherleib nimmt sie dasjenige auf, was jetzt schon geistig in der Luft ist. Das Ei ist noch ganz physisch, die Raupe aber lebt schon im Physisch-Ätherischen. Aber das ist schwer für die Raupe, im Physisch-Ätherischen zu leben. Die Raupe hat viel zuviel schwere Erdenmaterie in sich. Bei der Raupe ist es so: Wenn sie ans Licht kommt, so zeigt sich das eben, daß sie dann aus sich heraus die Lichtstrahlen spinnt in Form ihrer Kokonseide. Die Raupe möchte ans Licht, kann aber nicht; sie hat zuviel Schwerekräfte in sich. Sie ist dem nicht gewachsen, dem sie jetzt ausgesetzt ist. Daher will sie selber aufgehen im Licht, sie will sich ins Licht hineinergießen, sie will im Licht weiterleben. Was tut sie? Ja, sie schließt sich gegen die Erde mit den Sonnenstrahlen ab, sie macht einen Kokon um sich herum. Die Raupe schließt sich in der Puppe von den physischen Erdenkräften ganz ab. Und jetzt hat die Puppe im Inneren, wo der «Wurm» verschwunden ist, astralische Kräfte in sich, nicht mehr Erdenkräfte und nicht mehr ätherische Kräfte, sondern astralische, ganz geistige Kräfte in sich, und diese astralischen Kräfte leben im eingefangenen Licht. Das eingefangene Licht hat immer geistige Kräfte, astralische Kräfte in sich. Und diese astralischen Kräfte, die schaffen den Schmetterling. Der kann jetzt, weil er ganz aus astralischen Kräften besteht, in der Luft herumfliegen, was die Raupe nicht kann; der kann dem Lichte folgen. Er folgt nur dem Lichte, er unterliegt nicht mehr der Schwere. Es ist die Schwere dadurch, daß er sich hingegeben hat, ausgeschaltet. So daß man sagen kann: Er ist zum Ich herangereift. - Ein Ich ist es, in dem wir sozusagen den Schmetterling herumflattern sehen. Wir Menschen haben unser Ich in uns. Der Schmetterling hat es außer sich. Das Ich ist eigentlich Licht. Das färbt ihn.

[ 12 ] Wenn Sie das bedenken, dann müssen Sie sich etwas klarmachen. Sie alle sagen immer zu sich: Ich. - Was bedeutet das, wenn Sie zu sich Ich sagen? Sehen Sie, jedesmal, wenn Sie zu sich Ich sagen, glänzt in Ihrem Hirn eine kleine Flamme auf, die nur mit gewöhnlichen Augen nicht gesehen werden kann. Das ist Licht. Sage ich zu mir Ich, so rufe ich das Licht in mir auf. Dieses selbe Licht, das den Schmetterling in Farben färbt, das rufe ich in mir auf, wenn ich zu mir Ich sage. Es ist das wirklich außerordentlich interessant, draußen in der Natur zu beobachten, daß man sich sagen kann: Ich sage zu mir Ich; könnte ich dieses Ich ausstrahlen in alle Welt, so wäre es Licht. Ich habe es nur durch meinen Körper eingesperrt, dieses Ich. Könnte ich es ausstrahlen, so könnte ich mit diesem Licht lauter Schmetterlinge erschaffen. - Das Ich des Menschen hat eben die Macht, lauter Schmetterlinge zu schaffen, überhaupt Insekten und so weiter zu schaffen. Sehen Sie, da stellen sich die Menschen vor, daß alles so einfach ist. Aber in älteren Zeiten, wo man solche Sachen gewußt hat, da haben die Menschen auch in dem Sinne gesprochen. Im ganz alten Judentum, dagab es ein Wort: «Jahve», was dasselbe bedeutet wie «Ich». Dieses Wort, in der hebräischen Sprache Jahve, durfte nur der Priester aussprechen, weil der Priester dazu vorbereitet war, sich zu sagen, was das bedeutet. Denn der Priester sah in dem Momente, wo er Jahve aussprach, überall die Bilder von herumfliegenden Schmetterlingen. Und da wußte er: Hat er das Wort Jahve ausgesprochen so, daß er nichts sah, so hat er es nicht mit der inneren richtigen Herzhaftigkeit ausgesprochen. Er stand aber in der richtigen inneren Herzhaftigkeit, wenn er lauter Schmetterlinge sah. Das hat er aber den anderen Leuten nicht beibringen können, denn die wären verrückt geworden darob; darum hat er sich erst vorbereiten müssen. Aber wahr ist es doch.

[ 13 ] Ja, meine Herren, aber was ist denn das? Denken Sie sich einmal, hier wäre zwischen diesem Pult und dem Punkt, wo ich stehe, eine große Bettdecke mit lauter Flaumfedern drinnen. Die Flaumfedern wären etwas dünn drinnen, und ich stelle mich da hier an und dränge dahin, gehe so dahin, drücke die Flaumfedern zusammen, ich komme nicht ganz bis zu dem Pult hin, sondern muß in der Mitte stehenbleiben, weil ich sie nicht weiter zusammendrücken kann. Ich erreiche das Pult nicht, aber ich verspüre einen Druck, wenn ich mich da anstemme. So wollen Sie das Ich aussprechen, wollen Sie eigentlich lauter Schmetterlinge erzeugen, weil das Ich Licht ist. Aber Sie können das nicht. Statt dessen spüren Sie den Widerstand, wie ich da den Widerstand spüre, wenn ich dem entgegengehe. Und das sind Ihre Gedanken. Darinnen bestehen Ihre Gedanken, daß man nicht lauter Schmetterlinge erschaffen kann durch das Licht. Das Ich denkt Gedanken. Die Gedanken sind eigentlich nur Bilder von der Schmetterlingswelt.

[ 14 ] Sehen Sie, das sieht so aus, daß eigentlich heute noch dasselbe einträte, was im alten Judentum eingetreten wäre, wenn einfach ein jeder, der Jahve ausgesprochen hätte, die ganze Schmetterlingswelt gesehen hätte; dann hätten die Leute gesagt: Nun, der ist selbstverständlich verrückt. - Er wäre es auch gewesen, wenn er nicht reif dazu gewesen wäre, die geistigen Sachen anzuschauen! Aber heute sagen die Leute, wenn einer davon redet, daß das Licht Ich ist, und daß das Licht dasselbe ist, was in anderer Weise, wenn es eingesperrt ist, die Schmetterlinge erschaffen kann, was in uns, weil wir ein dazu geeignetes Gehirn haben, die Gedanken schafft statt der Schmetterlinge - heute sagen die Leute wieder: Der ist verrückt! - Aber das ist die Wahrheit. Das ist eben der Unterschied zwischen einer bloßen Verrücktheit und der Wahrheit. So daß man sagen muß: Schauen wir uns den bunten Schmetterling an in der Luft, dann wirkt auf uns dasselbe, wie wenn wir uns so recht in uns fühlen und Ich sagen. Der Schmetterling kann nicht Ich sagen, nicht einmal das höhere Tier, weil das Ich von außen wirkt. Wenn Sie einen Löwen ansehen in seiner semmelfarbenen Gelbheit, dann ist es die semmelfarbene Gelbheit, die vom Ich des Löwen von außen bewirkt wird. Der Löwe wird selber gedacht von der ganzen Natur, die Färbung kommt dadurch zustande. Weil wir von innen heraus denken, bekommen wir nicht von außen die Färbung, sondern wir bekommen die Hautfärbung von innen, die man sehr schwer in der Malerei nachmachen kann. Aber unser Ich färbt eigentlich mit Hilfe des Blutes unseren ganzen Körper zu dieser wunderbaren Menschenfarbe, die man in der Malerei nur nachmachen kann, wenn man alle Farben in der richtigen Weise miteinander mischen kann, richtig mischen kann. Da schafft fortwährend die Natur an dem Wesen, aber sie schafft auf geistige Art. Sehen Sie, ich habe Ihnen hier gesagt: Es muß der Übergang sein von dem Feuchten, das die Luft in sich hält, zu dem Licht. Da ist die Puppe nun in Luft und Licht. Da ist sie in Wasser und Luft als Raupe, hier in Luft und Licht als Puppe, und dann kommt sie immer weiter von dem Licht, das eingefangen ist, zu dem Astralischen, das in ihr wirkt.

[ 15 ] Sehen Sie noch einmal auf das zurück: Raupe, Puppe. Denken Sie sich einmal, es gäbe ein Tier, das noch nicht in der Lage wäre, aus seinem eigenen Körper heraus Seidenfäden zu spinnen. Nehmen wir an, es gäbe solch eine besondere Art von Raupe, die wollte, wenn sie eben Raupe geworden ist, nun auch ins Licht, aber ihr Körper ist nicht fähig, Fäden zu spinnen, kann es nicht. Sie kann ihren Körper nicht so machen, daß sie ihn nach außen spinnt. Die Raupe spinnt sich wirklich zu Tode. Sie hört ganz auf, ihr ganzer Körper geht auf in dieses Gespinst. Es bleibt nur noch ein totes Gerüst in ihr. Aber nehmen Sie an, Sie hätten solch ein tierisches Wesen, das eben in sich Materie hat, Stoff hat, der nicht gesponnen werden kann. Was tut dieses Wesen, wenn es in dieselbe Lage kommt, wenn es stark dem Licht ausgesetzt ist? Nun, einen Kokon kann es nicht um sich herum spinnen. Was tut es? Es spinnt in sich selber - die Blutadern! Bei diesem Tier, wenn es in die Luft kommt, wird innerlich das Blut so gesponnen, wie die Raupe außen den Kokon spinnt. Wir würden also dann ein Tier bekommen, das, solange es noch mehr im luft-wäßrigen Elemente lebte, ein solches Blutgespinst haben würde, das dem wäßrigen Element angepaßt ist. Lebt es eine Zeitlang im Licht, so ändert es sogar die Form der Adern; die werden ganz anders. Es spinnt in seinem eigenen Körper; weil es nichts herausspinnen kann, spinnt es im Inneren des Körpers. Zeichnen wir uns das genau auf. Denken Sie sich, es gibt also ein Tier, das atmet, wie es in der Feuchtigkeit muß, durch Kiemen, bewegt sich in der Feuchtigkeit, im Wasser so, daß es einen Schwanz hat; da gehen seine Blutadern so, daß sie sich in die Kiemen und in den Schwanz hinein erstrecken. So kann das Tier schwimmen im Wasser und auch atmen im Wasser. Der Fisch hat Kiemen. Mit Kiemen kann man im Wasser atmen. Aber denken Sie sich, das Tier tritt öfter heraus an die Luft, geht ans Ufer, oder der Teich selber wird trockener: da ist es mehr dem Licht ausgesetzt, die Feuchtigkeit verliert sich. Es kommt in diese Gegenden, wo es Licht und Luft, nicht Wasser und Luft haben muß. Was tut das Tier?

[ 16 ] Ich will Ihnen das jetzt so mit Punkten aufzeichnen: Dieses Tier zieht aus den Kiemen die Adern zurück, die werden immer mehr verkümmert, und es spinnt diese Adern hier ein. Das Tier spinnt seine eigenen Adern, die es zuerst in die Kiemen hinausgeschickt hat, hier ein. Und die Adern, die in den Schwanz gegangen sind, die zieht es zurück: es wachsen hier Füße; dieselben Adern, die in den Schwanz gegangen sind, die gehen in die Füße, ... (unklare Stelle in der Nachschrift), wo sie nun anders gesponnen sind als die in den Schwanz gegangenen. Das können Sie in der Natur beobachten: Das ist eine Kaulquappe, und das ist ein Frosch! Der Frosch ist zuerst eine Kaulquappe mit Schwanz und Kiemen und kann im Wasser leben. Wenn er nun aber an die Luft kommt, so macht er das innerlich, was die Raupe äußerlich macht. Die Kaulquappe, die ein Frosch ist, der im Wasser leben kann, spinnt aus ihrem eigenen Blutnetz ein Netz, das dann innerlich verläuft, und aus dem, was in Adern und Kiemen gegangen ist, wird jetzt eine Lunge. Da waren es Kiemen und indem das Tier es jetzt eingesponnen hat, wird es eine Lunge; da war Schwanz und da werden jetzt Füße, die durch die Blutzirkulation, die sich in die Lunge hineinbegibt und durch diese Schwingung vorher ein eigentliches Herz entwickelt, bewegt werden. Also dieser selbe Weg von Wasser-Luft zu Luft-Licht, der durchgemacht wird von der Raupe zur Puppe, den macht der Frosch durch, der in Luft-Wasser lebt; das aber durchdringt da die Luft, indem er sich herausbegeben muß an Luft-Licht. Luft-Licht ist es, was eine Lunge erschafft und Beine erschafft, während Wasser-Luft Fischschwänze erschafft und Kiemen. Also es ist so, daß da fortwährend nicht nur das wirkt, was im Inneren eines Tieres ist, sondern immer die ganze Weltumgebung.

[ 17 ] Was tut die Gelehrsamkeit? Was haben wir getan, indem wir das uns vorgestellt haben, wie es ist? Wir haben die Welt uns angeschaut! Wir schauen die Welt an, wie sie ist; wir schauen hinaus in die Natur. Was tut der Gelehrte? Der schaut im allgemeinen wenig die Natur an, wenn er solche Sachen wissen will, sondern der bestellt zunächst beim Optiker ein feines Mikroskop, furchtbar fein. Das wird nun nicht in die Natur hinausgetragen - man könnte ja da nicht viel damit machen! -, sondern in ein abgeschlossenes Zimmer gestellt; da läßt er den Schmetterling Eier legen. Für den im Licht herumflatternden Schmetterling hat der Gelehrte nicht viel Sinn. Das Ei legt er nun auf seine Präparierplatte, und dieses Ei beobachtet er dann durch das Mikroskop (es wird gezeichnet): Da hat er sein Auge, da guckt er hinein, was da mit dem Ei, das er selber zerschneidet, geschieht; wo die Natur gar nichts mehr tut, da macht er selber feine Scheibchen daraus, schaut das an, was er selber erst zerschnitten hat. Da unten auf der Präparierplatte liegen die mit dem Rasiermesser zerschnittenen feinen Blättchen. Darinnen forscht man nach! So sind überhaupt heute viele Forschungen.

[ 18 ] Denken Sie sich eine Universitätsvorlesung. Der Professor bringt so viel Leute, als es überhaupt möglich ist, in sein Kabinett; da läßt er sie immer abwechselnd hineinschauen in das, was er da zerschnitten hat und zeigt ihnen das, was da drinnen ist. Er führt sie natürlich manchmal auf Exkursionen hinaus, aber da sagt er nicht viel über das, was da draußen ist, weil er darüber nicht viel weiß. Seine ganze Wissenschaft wird darauf abgestellt, was er unter dem Versuchsträger sieht, wenn er erst selbst kleine Stückchen herausgeschnitten hat. Zu welcher Weisheit kommt er denn dann? Er kommt auf alles das, was im Schmetterling vorwiegend schon im Ei drinnen liegt, nur auf kleinwinzige Weise. Ja, man kann doch zu nichts anderem kommen, wenn man erst mit dem Rasiermesser zersägt und schneidet und durch das Mikroskop es anschaut! Man vergißt jaalles, was da draußen in Licht und Luft und Wasser wirkt. Man hat ja nur Präpariergläschen, auf die man das Mikroskop richtet. Man kann ja gar nichts erforschen! Man kann nur sagen: Da draußen ist der Schmetterling, aber da drinnen, was ich da anschaue unter meinem Mikroskop, da ist schon der ganze Schmetterling drinnen auf ganz kleinwinzige Weise.

[ 19 ] Heute trauen sich die Leute das schon nicht mehr, aber früher, da hat man gesagt beim Menschen: Da haben wir die Anna; die hat eine Mutter, die heißt Marie. Nun ja, die Anna ist aus der Mutter Marie geboren. Nun schön; aber die ganze Anna besteht ja schon in der Eizelle drinnen, und die Eizelle, die steckte wieder in der Mutter, der Marie drinnen. So daß man also sich vorstellen muß: Da ist die Eizelle der Anna, da die der Marie, da steckt die Anna drinnen; aber die stammt wieder ab von der Gertrud, das ist die Großmutter von der Anna. Nun ja, aber da das Ei der Zelle der Anna in der Zelle der Marie war, so muß die wieder in der Zelle der Gertrud drinnenstecken. Nun ist die Urgroßmutter der Anna die Käthi, und die Zelle von der Anna, Marie und Gertrud stecken schon in der Eizelle der Käthi drinnen und so weiter, und dann bekommen wir eine längere Reihe bis zur ersten Eizelle - das ist die der Eva. Und so haben die Leute gesagt- es war natürlich der bequemste Weg-: Der Mensch, der jetztlebt, der steckte schon drinnen als ein kleinwinziger Kerl in der Eizelle der Eva. — Man nannte das die Einschachtelungstheorie. Die Theorien, die heute noch existieren, die sind nur etwas unklarer, die getrauen sich nicht mehr zurückzugehen bis zu der Eva, aber sie sind im Geiste ganz dasselbe, sind nämlich gar nicht fortgeschritten: «Der ganze Schmetterling ist schon da drinnen!» Und in diesem Schmetterling hat Licht und Luft und Wasser, die doch da sind, gar nichts mehr zu tun!

[ 20 ] Wenn man so diesen Wissenschaftsbetrieb ansieht, wie da der Professor die Leute in sein Kabinett hineinführt, wie er ihnen da seine furchtbar gelehrten Sachen, die aber eigentlich gerade Narrheiten sind gegenüber dem Schaffen der Natur, vorführt, so hat man das Gefühl: Ja, es ist doch auch noch Licht und Luft und alles da!- Aus dem entfernt sich der Professor und geht in sein finsteres Kabinett hinein, in dem womöglich ein künstliches Licht gemacht ist, um das Mikroskop nicht zu stören durch das Fensterlicht und so weiter. Und da denkt man sich: Donnerwetter, der bleibt beim Ei stehen, in dem schon alles drinnen ist- und Luft und Licht und alles andere ist von der heutigen Wissenschaft pensioniert! - Es ist in Pension gegangen, tut nichts mehr. Die heutige Wissenschaft kennt nichts mehr von dem Schaffen in Luft und Licht und Wasser, kennt nichts mehr davon. Es ist schon etwas, was furchtbar nagt an unserem sozialen Leben, daß wir eigentlich eine Wissenschaft haben, die die ganze Welt pensioniert, nur noch das sieht, was durch das Mikroskop zu sehen ist, geradeso wie sich der Staat nicht kümmert um einen Pensionär, als daß er ihm die Pension entsprechend auszahlt; er braucht ihn nicht mehr. Nicht anders ist es beim Wissenschafter, als daß er seine Nahrungsmittel daraus nimmt; aber er weiß nicht mehr, wie diese Nahrungsmittel wirken, und er beschäftigt sich nur noch mit dem Mikroskop, mit den Teilen. Die ganze Welt ist eigentlich in der heutigen Wissenschaft ein pensionierter Faulenzer. Das ist schon schrecklich, denn das ganze große Publikum kann ja das nicht überschauen. Das ganze große Publikum sagt: Ach, das sind die Leute, die es verstehen müssen!- Wenn sie noch kleine Kinder sind, denkt man schon daran, sie zu gelehrten Menschen zu machen; man gibt sie in die Schulen, wo sie viel lernen können. Nachher strengen sie sich heute viel an! Ja, bis zum siebenundzwanzigsten, achtundzwanzigsten Jahr muß man lernen: Das, was durch die zustande kommt, muß die Wahrheit sein! - Das kann das große Publikum natürlich nicht beurteilen, läßt sich dann durch «Gelehrte» dieses Zeug vorsagen, weiß nichts davon, daß das ja überhaupt nichts mehr mit der Natur zu tun hat. Das redet von der Natur wie von einer Pensionistin. Und so versumpft unser ganzes Geistesleben. Und in dieser Versumpfung des geistigen Lebens sollen wir jetzt vorwärtskommen! Wir kommen eben einfach nicht vorwärts, weil das große Publikum zu bequem ist, darauf zu hören, was man ihm sagt. Es sagt die Wahrheit ja heute nur die Anthroposophie! Das, was ich Ihnen hier sage, können Sie ja sonst nirgends hören. Es sagt die Wahrheit ja niemand; das große Publikum kümmert sich ja nicht mehr darum. Wenn man sie sagt, so heißt es, man sei verrückt. Es ist ja verrückt, daß das so ist! Aber es wird ja nicht derjenige als verrückt genommen, der wirklich verrückt ist, sondern der, welcher sagt, wie es ist, der wird als verrückt genommen. Es ist wirklich schon so, daß man das vollständig verwechselt.

[ 21 ] Dazu will ich Ihnen noch eine kleine Anekdote erzählen. Da ist einmal eine ärztliche Kommission, die studieren wollte, in ein Irrenhaus an das Tor gekommen, und als sie hineinkamen, stand ein Herr da, der sie empfing, so daß sie sich sagten: Nun ja, das ist der Herr Direktor, der dirigierende Arzt. Sie sagten zu ihm: Lieber Kollege, können Sie uns jetzt nicht in den Irrenzellen herumführen und uns alles erklären? - Und da führte sie dieser Mann, der am Tore stand, herum, erklärte ihnen alles, was in den einzelnen Zellen war, sagte ihnen: Da ist ein Irrsinniger, der hat merkwürdige Erscheinungen, Halluzinationen, gemischt mit epileptischen Krämpfen. Bei der nächsten Zelle erklärte er: Der hat Willensemotionen über das normale Maß hinaus. Das erklärte er sehr genau. Dann kamen sie zu den eigentlich Wahnsinnigen, die sich allerlei fixe Ideen in den Kopf setzten. Sehen Sie, sagte er, das ist einer, den immer Gespenster verfolgen, ein anderer, den immer wiederum Leute verfolgen, nicht Gespenster, aber Menschen. Nun werde ich Sie zu dem Allerverrücktesten führen, den wir haben, sagte er - und da führte er sie zu der Zelle des Allerverrücktesten, und sagte: Der Mann leidet an einer fixen Idee; er meint, er sei der Kaiser von China. Das ist natürlich eine Konsolidierung der Ideen vom Kopf: statt daß diese Ideen bloß in Gedanken bleiben, hat er sie konsolidiert. — Er erklärte das sehr genau und sagte: Aber Sie müssen wissen, meine Herren, daß das ein Unsinn ist, daß der der Kaiser von China ist, denn der bin ich nämlich selber! - Ja, er hatte ihnen alles erklärt, er hatte sie herumgeführt, aber nicht an der Wissenschaft, sondern an der Nase. Aber der war wirklich verrückt. Der andere, sagte er, sei deshalb verrückt, weil er meine, daß er der Kaiser von China sei; er aber, sagte er, er sei der Kaiser von China selber. Es war ein ganz Verrückter, der da die Kommission führte.

[ 22 ] Man kann nicht immer unterscheiden, wenn einer verrückt in der Wissenschaft ist. Sie werden staunen, was für Gescheitheiten Ihnen die Verrückten erzählen, wenn Sie mit ihnen in Berührung kommen. Deshalb hat der Lombroso, der italienische Naturforscher, gesagt, daß ein eigentlicher Unterschied zwischen Genie und Verrücktheit gar nicht vorhanden ist: Genies sind immer ein bißchen verrückt und Verrückte immer ein bißchen Genies. — Sie können das nachlesen in einem Bändchen in der Reclam-Bibliothek, das Büchelchen heißt: «Genie und Irrsinn.»

[ 23 ] Natürlich, wenn man nicht verrückt ist, kann man schon unterscheiden zwischen Genie und Irrsinn. Aber wir sind heute geradezu schon so weit gekommen, daß ganze Bücher existieren können, wie das von Lombroso - in deutscher Sprache erschienen in Reclams Universal-Bibliothek -, wo die Wissenschaft selber konstatieren will: Man kann nicht unterscheiden zwischen Genie und Irrsinn. So kann die Geschichte natürlich nicht länger fortgehen, sonst kommt man in eine vollständige Versumpfung des geistigen Lebens hinein. Man muß wiederum die pensionierte Natur anstellen, dann kommt man eben zu dem, wie wirklich das Ei zur Raupe, zur Puppe sich entwickelt, und wie das Licht darinnen gefangen ist, wie in uns das Licht darinnen gefangen ist, der farbige Schmetterling, der herausfliegt.

[ 24 ] Das ist das, was ich im Anschluß an das, was wir schon besprochen haben, Ihnen habe sagen wollen, damit Sie sehen, daß das Licht schaffenden Geist in sich enthält. Denn der Wurm, die Raupe mußte erst verschwinden, dann konnte der Schmetterling entstehen. Der Schmetterling ist da drinnen, wo die Raupe untergegangen ist. Der Geist schafft. So geht überall zuerst der Stoff unter, verschwindet - dann schafft das Geistige das neue Wesen heraus. So ist es auch bei der Befruchtung des Menschen. Die Befruchtung bedeutet, daß der Stoff zunächst vernichtet wird. Da ist ein bißchen vernichteter Stoff, und da schafft nun der Geist und das Licht im Ich den Menschen. Wenn Sie das ein bißchen durchdenken, werden Sie sich das zusammenfassen können, was ich Ihnen gesagt habe: Man geht nicht blind vor, schaut sich die Kaulquappe an, den Frosch, und weiß, warum der Herz und Lunge hat und Füße, und warum die Kaulquappe noch schwimmen kann im Wasser! Alle diese Dinge schließen sich zusammen. Sie werden schon sehen an den Dingen, die wir immer mehr und mehr hinzunehmen, daß eine wirkliche Wissenschaft, die das versteht, eben nur innerhalb der Anthroposophie entstehen kann.

[ 1 ] Good morning, gentlemen! Have you thought of anything that could be answered today? If not, then I will tell you something today that ties in quite well with things I have already discussed.

[ 2 ] When a person looks into nature – he actually looks into it quite thoughtlessly – he comes at the moment he begins to really think about the things of nature, so much comes to his mind that indicates that spirit is present everywhere in nature, that the spiritual is present everywhere, that he can no longer help but, if I may say so, become curious as to how this spirit actually works in nature. I have repeatedly been able to show you how ingenious all these things in nature are, with beaver dams and similar things. Today I want to show you something else.

[ 3 ] Isn't it true that when a person walks outside in nature at a certain time of summer, they see the beautiful fluttering butterflies with their colorful wings, which shimmer so brightly and shimmer, and he does not ask himself: where does this truly manifold, colorful shimmering fluttering of butterflies, which move so freely, come from?

[ 4 ] This has great practical significance. I am even convinced that if we could make new attempts here somewhere on our Goetheanum ground for airship travel, we would not do it in the way it is done today from materialistic science. They always try it with the flight of birds, with the flight of dragonflies, the water nymph and so on. But they have no sense of trying the actual flight of butterflies. And yet aeronautics would only come into its own if attempts at it on a large scale could be made, precisely with the flight of the butterfly. But people today do not go into such things because they cannot see the point. You can only understand such things in the right way, even for practical life, if you look at the spiritual.

[ 5 ] Now today I want to show you something about butterflies, something that is not exactly related to aeronautics, but can enlighten you about aeronautics. You see, a butterfly like that is not there from the outset, but comes into being in a very complicated way, as you know. First of all, we assume that when it is approaching fall, the butterfly, having reached maturity, lays an egg. So the first thing the butterfly does is lay an egg. Of course, a butterfly will not emerge from this egg. It will not turn into, say, a swallowtail butterfly, which looks like this (see drawing); it does not emerge from there, but from this egg, what is popularly called a “worm” emerges first; a caterpillar emerges. This caterpillar therefore crawls out of the egg. Here it has its head (see drawing), here at the back is a spine, and it now crawls around so sluggishly, slowly, and is actually a kind of idler on the outside. But inwardly such a caterpillar is not an idler at all, but inwardly it spins threads out of its own body, and from these threads it makes a cover around itself. So if this is the caterpillar (see drawing), this caterpillar spins threads out of itself and makes a shell around itself that is hard. The caterpillar gradually disappears inside, dissolves into these threads, and thus makes a shell around itself, which it somehow attaches to a tree trunk, glues; it first glues the thread on and then disappears into the shell. So we have: the egg, the caterpillar and here, that's called a pupa. And this pupa now remains hanging for a while. Then it gets a hole somewhere and the butterfly comes out. So, before such a butterfly comes into being, four things are necessary: first the egg, second the caterpillar, third the pupa and fourth the butterfly itself. The egg is laid somewhere. The caterpillar then crawls around. The pupa remains quite firmly in place and the butterfly flutters merrily around in the air. It can then lay another egg and the cycle begins again. That's how it is.

[ 6 ] Now, that's what people look at, and that's what scholars explain today, simply by observing what can be observed through a microscope or the like. But it's not that simple. You have to consider where the egg can live and how it lives, how the caterpillar lives, how the pupa lives and how the butterfly ultimately lives. The egg, above all, needs something terribly little when it comes to the point where the caterpillar can crawl out – but it needs moisture with a little salt dissolved in it. No egg can thrive without getting a little moisture with a little salt dissolved in it. Therefore, the animal, the butterfly, must have this instinct to lay the egg somewhere where it can get moisture with a little salt in it. Without that, it will not work. What I am telling you here about the butterfly is exactly the same for the bee and so on. It is also necessary for the bee that where the eggs are laid, something penetrates - even if it is a little - so that salt gets in. Few people observe this. It is enough if the fog passes through; it always has a little salt moisture. Nature comes to our aid here. It is not always completely clear to the human mind. Nature is simply much cleverer than man. But the egg must always have a little moisture in it, with a little salt in it. It is the same with the butterfly, and then the caterpillar crawls out. So the egg only needs this moisture with salt in it; it has no eyes, it sees nothing, it lives for itself in a world that is completely dark. The moment the caterpillar crawls out, it comes out into the light and is therefore constantly in the light. The caterpillar has sensory organs and comes into the light. Now it has actually become a completely different being from the egg. The egg has completely transformed into the caterpillar. And the fact that the caterpillar is exposed to light, that it has senses, makes an inner impression on the caterpillar. Such things are expressed quite radically in certain phenomena. You have all enjoyed the strange phenomenon of lighting a lamp somewhere, attracting all kinds of insects in the room, fluttering around, drawn to the light of the lamp, even rushing into it, being so stupid as to burn themselves. Where does this come from? Of course, this does not happen to this caterpillar, but the will to do so is also present in this caterpillar. The caterpillar is attracted by sunlight in the same way, I might say voluptuously, as the insect that plunges into the candle flame; only the caterpillar cannot reach the sun. If they could rise from the ground and fly up to the sun, we would very soon have no more caterpillars at all; they would all fly up to the sun, all fly away. Because that is what they want, they are only held back by the gravity of the earth, they cannot. So when we look at a caterpillar, that caterpillar actually has the will to pursue the light. It cannot do that. But what does it do?

[ 7 ] Imagine there is a ray of light and a caterpillar (it is drawn). Now the caterpillar spins a thread by crawling as the beam of light is. The caterpillar spins the thread entirely according to the beam of light, and when the beam of light is not there at night, it rolls up the thread and during the day it spins the thread further in the beam of light, at night it rolls it up again. And from this the shell all around is created. The caterpillar dissolves completely in the light, dies in the light, like the insect that goes to the flame, only that it does not reach up to the sun, into the ray of light itself; but it weaves its own body into these threads and makes this cocoon, as it is called, around itself, these threads that are spun together. The silkworm spins silk towards the light. So if you take silk from any silkworm, you can confidently say: What is this? It is spun light! Earthly material is spun in the direction of the rays of light. And when you see a chrysalis somewhere, it is nothing but spun sunlight, with earthly matter spun around it after the sunbeam.

[ 8 ] So far we have we have come so far that we now have the chrysalis, light spun all around, and the fact that it is spun sunlight naturally brings about something different than if an insect were to plunge into a flame – it would burn the flame of the candle and could not do anything with it. But if this insect could spin such a cocoon in the direction of the flame rays with the speed with which it plunges into the flame, a new animal would arise from the fire of the flame inside. It is only prevented from doing so by the combustion. It is interesting that this shows what this insect, which flutters around in the room at night and plunges into the flame, actually wants: it wants to reproduce, it wants to perish so that it can return in a new form. It is only mistaken because it cannot make a shell so quickly. But the caterpillar can make this shell in its slowness, hang up this shell, and now the power of the sun, which is trapped there, which is a prisoner there, can create the butterfly inside, and it can then fly out as a creature of the sun and move as a creature of the sun.

[ 9 ] You see, gentlemen, that's how you discover how things actually are in nature. First of all, there is a very important idea in what I have told you: the insect that throws itself into the flame wants to die, you might think. No, it does not want to die, but wants to return in a different form. It wants to be transformed by the flame. And so death is everywhere: death is not something that destroys beings, but through which, when death is properly initiated, they are only transformed. Firstly, one sees that from this. Secondly, however, one sees a fundamental connection that exists between everything in nature outside. You see, the butterfly is created out of light; but the light first had to be made into thread in the chrysalis by absorbing the earth's matter and making a cocoon. All animal entities that arise are created out of light. Man is also created out of light through the processes that occur through the fertilization of the female egg germ, and this protects the light inside the human being through a cover. And in truth it is the light that creates the human being in the mother's body, that thus creates the possibility that man can arise out of the light. So you can see from the butterfly that it arises out of the light that has first been captured.

[ 10 ] Now, the butterfly flutters around in many colors. Such colors are generally there when you look at that which can be most influenced by light. If you go to hot areas, then all the birds have wonderful colors because the sun is stronger there. So what does what is done there in the sun, in the captured light? It brings forth colors, always brings forth colors. And it is the same with the butterfly. The butterfly has its colors through what the light has done there as a prisoner. One can only understand the butterfly if one understands it as a creation out of the whole light, which makes it in many colors.

[ 11 ] But the sun cannot do this alone. The thing is like this: when we look at the egg, it is therefore inside the moisture in which salt is. Salt is earth, moisture is water. So that we can say: The egg must thrive in soil and a little water. The caterpillar is already emerging into the light. The caterpillar cannot merely thrive in soil and water, for example in lime putty and water, but the caterpillar needs moisture, so water, but also air, moisture and air. The moisture and air that the caterpillar needs is not just what the egg needs physically, but the moisture contains what is called ether and what I have described to you as the etheric body in the human being. The caterpillar develops an etheric body. And through this etheric body it breathes. Through this etheric body it takes in that which is already spiritually in the air. The egg is still completely physical, but the caterpillar is already living in the physical-etheric. But it is difficult for the caterpillar to live in the physical-etheric. It has far too much heavy earthly matter within itself. When the caterpillar comes to light, it manifests itself in that it spins the rays of light out of itself in the form of its cocoon silk. The caterpillar wants to come to light but cannot; it has too much gravity within itself. It is no match for that to which it is now exposed. Therefore, it wants to dissolve in the light, it wants to pour itself into the light, it wants to continue to live in the light. What does it do? Yes, it closes itself off from the earth with the sun's rays, it makes a cocoon around itself. The caterpillar completely shuts itself off from the physical forces of the earth in the chrysalis. And now the chrysalis, inside where the 'worm' has disappeared, has astral forces within it, no longer earthly forces and no longer etheric forces, but astral, completely spiritual forces, and these astral forces live in the captured light. The captured light always has spiritual forces, astral forces within it. And these astral forces create the butterfly. Because it consists entirely of astral forces, it can now fly around in the air, which the caterpillar cannot; it can follow the light. It follows only the light, it is no longer subject to gravity. Through its having given itself, gravity is eliminated. So one can say: He has matured into an I. It is an I in which we see the butterfly fluttering around, so to speak. We human beings have our I within us. The butterfly has it outside of itself. The I is actually light. That colors it.

[ 12 ] When you consider this, then you must realize something. You always say to yourself: I. What does it mean when you say I to yourself? You see, every time you say I to yourself, a small flame shines in your brain that cannot be seen with ordinary eyes. That is light. When I say 'I' to myself, I call up the light in me. This same light that colors the butterfly, I call up in me when I say 'I' to myself. It is really extraordinarily interesting to observe this outside in nature: one can say to oneself, 'I say to myself I'; if one could radiate this 'I' out into the world, it would be light. I have only imprisoned it in my body, this I. If I could radiate it out, I could create butterflies with this light. Man's I has the power to create butterflies, to create insects in general and so on. You see, people imagine that everything is so simple. But in older times, when people knew such things, they also spoke in that sense. In very ancient Judaism, there was a word: “Yahweh,” which means the same as “I.” This word, Yahweh in the Hebrew language, could only be spoken by the priest, because the priest was prepared to say what it meant. For the priest, at the moment he spoke Yahweh, saw images of butterflies flying around everywhere. And then he knew: if he had uttered the word Yahweh without seeing anything, then he had not uttered it with the right inner sincerity. But he had the right inner sincerity when he saw nothing but butterflies. However, he could not teach this to other people, because they would have gone mad from it; that is why he had to prepare himself first. But it is true.

[ 13 ] Yes, gentlemen, but what is this? Imagine that between this desk and the point where I am standing, there is a large duvet with lots of down feathers inside. The downy feathers would be a bit thin inside, and I stand here and push my way through them, walking along like this, pressing the downy feathers together. I don't quite reach the desk, but have to stop in the middle because I can't squeeze them any further. I can't reach the desk, but I feel pressure when I push against it. So you want to express the 'I', you actually want to create nothing but butterflies, because the 'I' is light. But you can't. Instead, you feel the resistance, just as I feel the resistance when I go against it. And that is your thought. Your thoughts consist of the fact that you cannot create nothing but butterflies through the light. The I thinks thoughts. The thoughts are actually only images of the butterfly world.

[ 14 ] You see, it looks as if the same thing would happen today that would have happened in ancient Judaism if simply everyone who had pronounced Yahweh had seen the whole butterfly world; then people would have said: Well, of course he is crazy. He would have been, if he had not been mature enough to see the spiritual things! But today, when someone says that the light is I and that the light is the same thing that, in a different way, when it is imprisoned, can create butterflies, which in us, because we have a brain suitable for it, creates thoughts instead of butterflies, today people say again: He is crazy! But that is the truth. That is the difference between mere craziness and truth. So one must say: Let us look at the colorful butterfly in the air, and the same effect is produced in us as when we feel ourselves so completely within us that we say “I”. The butterfly cannot say “I”, nor can even the higher animal, because the “I” works from the outside. When you look at a lion in its yellowish color, it is the yellowish color that is caused from the outside by the lion's I. The lion itself is thought by the whole of nature, and the coloration comes about through this. Because we think from the inside out, we do not get the coloration from the outside, but we get the skin coloration from the inside, which is very difficult to imitate in painting. But our ego actually colors our whole body with the help of the blood to this wonderful human color, which can only be imitated in painting if all colors can be mixed together in the right way, can be mixed correctly. There nature is constantly working on the being, but it works in a spiritual way. You see, I told you here: There must be a transition from the moisture that the air holds to the light. The pupa is now in air and light. There it is in water and air as a caterpillar, here in air and light as a pupa, and then it comes further and further from the light that is captured to the astral that works in it.

[ 15 ] Let's look at this again: caterpillar, chrysalis. Imagine there was an animal that was not yet able to spin silk threads out of its own body. Let us assume that there is such a special kind of caterpillar that, when it has just become a caterpillar, wants to go into the light, but its body is not able to spin threads, it cannot. It cannot make its body in such a way that it spins it outwards. The caterpillar really spins itself to death. It stops completely, its whole body is absorbed in this web. Only a dead framework remains in it. But suppose you had such an animal that has matter within it, substance that cannot be spun. What does this creature do when it is exposed to light? Well, it cannot spin a cocoon around itself. What does it do? It spins within itself - the blood vessels! In this animal, when it comes into the air, the blood is spun inside in the same way as the caterpillar spins the cocoon outside. So we would then get an animal that, as long as it still lived more in the airy-watery element, would have a blood structure that is suited to the watery element. If it lives in the light for a while, it even changes the shape of the veins; they become quite different. It spins in its own body; because it cannot spin anything out, it spins inside the body. Let's record this carefully. Imagine that there is an animal that breathes as it has to in the moisture, through gills, moves in the moisture, in the water, and has a tail; its blood vessels run in such a way that they extend into the gills and into the tail. This enables the animal to swim in water and also to breathe in water. The fish has gills. With gills you can breathe in water. But imagine that the animal comes up for air more often, goes to the shore, or the pond itself gets drier: it is more exposed to light, and the moisture disappears. It comes to these areas where it needs light and air, not water and air. What does the animal do?

[ 16 ] I will now draw this for you with dots: this animal withdraws the veins from the gills, which become more and more atrophied, and it spins these veins in here. The animal spins in its own veins, which it first sent out into the gills. And the veins that have gone into the tail, it pulls back: feet grow here; the same veins that have gone into the tail go into the feet, ... (unclear passage in the postscript), where they are now spun differently than those that went into the tail. You can observe this in nature: this is a tadpole, and this is a frog! The frog is first a tadpole with a tail and gills and can live in the water. But when it comes up for air, it does internally what the caterpillar does externally. The tadpole that is a frog, that can live in the water, spins a web from its own blood network, which then runs internally, and what was in the veins and gills now becomes a lung. There were gills, and now that the animal has spun them in, they become lungs; there was a tail and now there will be feet, which are moved by the blood circulation that enters the lungs and through this vibration actually develops a heart. So this same path from water-air to air-light, which is traversed from caterpillar to pupa by the frog that lives in air-water, is traversed by the frog that lives in air-water; but there the air penetrates as it has to go out to air-light. Air-light is what creates lungs and creates legs, while water-air creates fish tails and gills. So it is that not only what is inside an animal is constantly at work, but always the whole world around it.

[ 17 ] What does learning do? What have we done by imagining what it is like? We have looked at the world! We look at the world as it is; we look out into nature. What does the scientist do? He generally does not look at nature when he wants to know such things, but first he orders a fine microscope from the optician, an extremely fine one. This is not taken out into nature – you couldn't do much with it there! – but placed in a closed room; there he lets the butterfly lay eggs. The scientist does not have much use for the butterfly fluttering around in the light. He now lays the egg on his dissecting plate, and then he observes this egg through the microscope (he draws it): there he has his eye, he looks into it, what happens to the egg, which he himself cuts up; where nature no longer does anything, he himself makes fine slices out of it, looks at what he himself has just cut up. Down there on the dissecting plate lie the fine leaflets cut with the razor. You look for answers inside them! That's how a lot of research is done today.

[ 18 ] Imagine a university lecture. The professor brings as many people as possible into his cabinet; there he lets them take turns looking at what he has cut up and shows them what is inside. Of course, he sometimes takes them on excursions, but he doesn't say much about what's out there because he doesn't know much about it. All his knowledge is based on what he sees under the dissecting microscope after he has cut out small pieces himself. What wisdom does he then come to? He comes to the conclusion that everything in the butterfly is already present in the egg, only in a tiny way. Yes, you can't help but come to that conclusion if you start sawing and cutting with a razor and looking at it through the microscope! You forget everything that works out there in light and air and water. You only have specimen jars to focus the microscope on. You can't explore anything! You can only say: the butterfly is out there, but in here, what I am looking at under my microscope, the whole butterfly is already inside in a very tiny way.

[ 19 ] Today people no longer dare to do this, but in the past, when it came to people, they said: We have Anna; she has a mother named Mary. Well, Anna was born of Mary the mother. All right; but the whole of Anna already exists in the ovum, and the ovum was in the mother, Mary, again. So you have to imagine: there is the ovum of Anna, there that of Marie, there Anna is inside; but she in turn descends from Gertrud, who is Anna's grandmother. Now, since the ovum of Anna's cell was in Marie's cell, it must be inside Gertrud's cell. Now Anna's great-grandmother is Käthi, and the cells of Anna, Marie and Gertrud are already inside Käthi's ovum, and so on, and then we get a longer series up to the first ovum - that of Eve. And so people said - it was, of course, the most convenient way -: the person who is now alive was already inside as a tiny little guy in Eve's ovum. — This was called the embedding theory. The theories that still exist today are just a bit less clear, they no longer dare to go back to Eve, but in spirit they are exactly the same, namely they have not progressed at all: “The whole butterfly is already in there!” And in this butterfly, light and air and water, which are there after all, have nothing more to do!

[ 20 ] When you look at the scientific community and see how the professor leads people into his cabinet, how he presents his terribly learned things to them, which are actually just follies compared to the workings of nature, the professor shows them, you get the feeling: Yes, there is still light and air and everything else too! – From which the professor withdraws and goes into his dark cabinet, where an artificial light is turned on if possible so as not to disturb the microscope with window light and so on. And then you think to yourself: Gosh, he stops at the egg, in which everything is already contained – and air and light and everything else has been retired by today's science! – It has been pensioned off, does nothing more. Today's science knows nothing more of the creations in air and light and water, knows nothing more of them. It is something that gnaws terribly at our social life, that we actually have a science that retires the whole world, only sees what can be seen through the microscope, just as the state does not care about a pensioner, except to pay him the pension accordingly; he no longer needs him. It is no different for the scientist when he takes his food from it; but he no longer knows how this food works, and he is only concerned with the microscope, with the parts. In fact, in today's science, the whole world is a retired idler. This is terrible, because the general public cannot grasp it. The general public says: Oh, these are the people who have to understand it! When they are still small children, people think of making them scholars; they are sent to schools where they can learn a lot. Nowadays they work hard! Yes, one must study until the age of twenty-seven or twenty-eight: whatever comes from that must be the truth! Of course, the general public cannot judge this, but they let the “scholars” tell them this stuff, not knowing that it no longer has anything to do with nature. It speaks of nature as if it were a pensioner. And so our whole spiritual life is going to the dogs. And now we are expected to make progress in this mire of the spiritual life! We simply cannot make progress because the general public is too lazy to listen to what is being said. Today only anthroposophy speaks the truth! What I am saying to you here you cannot hear anywhere else. Nobody speaks the truth; the general public is no longer interested in it. If you do speak the truth, you are said to be crazy. It is crazy that it is like this! But it is not the one who is really crazy who is taken for crazy, but the one who says how it is. It is really the case that one confuses the two completely.

[ 21 ] I would like to tell you a little anecdote about this. There was once a medical commission that wanted to study in a mental hospital. When they arrived at the gate, a gentleman was standing there to receive them, so they said to themselves: Well, this is the director, the directing doctor. They said to him: Dear colleague, can you not show us around the lunatic cells now and explain everything to us? And so this man, who was standing at the gate, showed them around, explained to them everything that was in the individual cells, and said to them: There is a lunatic who has strange phenomena, hallucinations, mixed with epileptic cramps. At the next cell he explained: “He has emotions of will beyond the normal measure.” He explained that very precisely. Then they came to the actual lunatics, who had all kinds of fixed ideas in their heads. “You see,” he said, ‘this one is always haunted by ghosts, while another is always haunted by people, not ghosts, but people.’ ‘Now I will take you to the craziest of them all,’ he said, and led them to the cell of the craziest of them all, and said: ”This man suffers from a fixed idea; he thinks he is the Emperor of China.” This is, of course, a consolidation of the ideas in his head: instead of these ideas remaining only in his thoughts, he has consolidated them. — He explained this very precisely and said: But you must know, gentlemen, that this nonsense about him being the Emperor of China is nonsense, because I am the Emperor of China myself! — Yes, he had explained everything to them, he had shown them around, but not by science, but by the nose. But this one was really crazy. The other one, he said, was crazy because he thought he was the Emperor of China; but he, he said, was the Emperor of China himself. He was a complete madman, leading the commission.

[ 22 ] You can't always tell if someone is crazy in science. You will be amazed at the clever things the madmen tell you when you come into contact with them. That is why Lombroso, the Italian naturalist, said that there is no real difference between genius and madness: geniuses are always a little crazy and madmen are always a little genius. You can read about this in a little volume in the Reclam Library, a booklet called “Genius and Insanity.”

[ 23 ] Of course, if you're not crazy, you can distinguish between genius and madness. But today we have come so far that entire books can exist, like Lombroso's – published in German in Reclams Universal Library – where science itself wants to state: you cannot distinguish between genius and madness. Of course, history cannot continue like this any longer, otherwise we will end up in a complete morass of intellectual life. We must again employ retired nature, then we will see how the egg really develops into a caterpillar, into a pupa, and how light is trapped inside it, how light is trapped inside us, the colorful butterfly that flies out.

[ 24 ] This is what I wanted to tell you in connection with what we have already discussed, so that you can see that the light-creating spirit is contained within itself. For the worm, the caterpillar, had to disappear first, then the butterfly could arise. The butterfly is there, where the caterpillar has perished. The spirit creates. So first the material perishes and disappears, and then the spiritual creates the new being out of it. This is also the case with human fertilization. Fertilization means that the material is first destroyed. There is a little destroyed material, and then the spirit and the light in the I create the human being. If you think about this a little, you will be able to summarize what I have told you: You don't start blindly, looking at the tadpole, the frog, and know why it has a heart and lungs and feet, and why the tadpole can still swim in the water! All these things come together. You will see from the things we are adding more and more that a real science that understands this can only arise within anthroposophy.